Май 2025 г.

Российская наука и мир (по материалам зарубежной электронной прессы)

CONTENTS / ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ


• Oldest bone spear tip in Europe, made by Neanderthals, found in Russia
• Shira Lake sediments help unveil the secrets of erstwhile climate
• Soviet spacecraft crash lands on Earth after a journey of half a century
• Large study traces prehistoric human expansion into South America, where genomic studies have been lacking
• World’s most powerful solar storm struck Earth 14,300 years ago, scientists say
• Precise timeline reconstructed for when Denisovans, Neanderthals, and Homo sapiens inhabited Denisova Cave over 300,000 years
• Academician Oparin vessel collects nearly 17,000 marine biological samples

Российские археологи при участии американских коллег исследовали найденный в 2003 г. на Северном Кавказе наконечник копья, сделанный из кости. Ученые определили возраст предмета примерно в 80 тысяч лет, что делает его самой старой находкой такого рода в Европе. Поскольку люди современного типа появились в Европе около 45 тысяч лет назад, изготовили наконечник, скорее всего, неандертальцы. Это опровергает теории, утверждающие, что они так и не продвинулись дальше каменных орудий.

An international team has unearthed the oldest spear tip ever found in Europe and notes that it was fashioned by Neanderthals. In their paper published in the Journal of Archaeological Science, the group describes how and where the spear tip was found, its condition and what they have learned about it through extensive study.
A bone spear point that measures 9 centimeters in length, recovered from Mezmaiskaya Cave in the North Caucasus region, is now confirmed to be the oldest of its kind discovered in Europe. Dating back 70,000 to 80,000 years, the artifact is a robust indicator that Neanderthals independently developed complex hunting tools long before modern humans.
The spear tip was originally discovered in 2003 among animal bones, stone tools, flint debris, and the remnants of a hearth. Despite being overlooked for decades, it has now undergone detailed analysis with computed tomography, high-powered microscopy, and spectroscopy. These techniques revealed that the spear was carefully crafted from the leg bone of a bison. It was sharpened with stone tools, hardened with fire, and attached using tar - an adhesive made by the complex process of controlled heating of organic material - to bond it to a wooden shaft.
Paleoarchaeologist Liubov V. Golovanova, who led the study published in the Journal of Archaeological Science, and her team described the spear tip as "a unique pointy bone artifact." As the archaeologists wrote, "The bone point does not need to have a sharply pointed (needle-like) distal end (in contrast to bone awls), but it needs to have a strong, conical tip, symmetrical outlines, and a straight profile."
Microscopic damage marks, such as micro-fractures and cracks, attest to the fact that the spear was indeed in use during hunting. The absence of excessive wear, however, implies that it may have broken shortly after it was deployed - perhaps during its first deployment. Scientists even found traces showing that a Neanderthal artisan attempted to repair the spear by grinding down the damaged area.
The location of the find near a hearth in a natural hollow on a limestone slab gives a living picture of Neanderthal life. The cave was a long-term workshop used by generations of Neanderthals. They crafted tools and butchered animal prey such as birds, deer, bison, goats, and other animals there.
The spear tip’s aerodynamics and use of fire-hardened bone demonstrably show an understanding of engineering and hunting strategy. The research further explains how parallel grooves and polished surfaces on the artifact demonstrate intentional shaping for flight, similar to the type of projectiles used by later Homo sapiens. This find, however, predates European modern humans by at least 25,000 years.
One thing that is left unanswered, however, is why more bone tools like this have not survived. Scientists think that bone is far less durable than stone and may have decomposed over time, especially outside of protected environments like caves. Discoveries like this are thus rare but valuable.

Озерные отложения, как годовые кольца деревьев, способны хранить данные о том, какими были окружающие условия, в частности, климатические, в определенный период времени. Ученые Института геологии и нефтегазовых технологий Казанского федерального университета совместно с тайваньскими коллегами изучили донные отложения озера Шира в Хакасии и проследили, как менялись климат и экология в районе водоема с 1870 по 2020 годы.

Scientists from the Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies and their overseas colleagues have studied the bottom sediments of Lake Shira in Khakassia, Russia, and found out how climatic and environmental conditions in the region have changed over 150 years.
For this purpose, they conducted a number of geochemical, isotopic, magnetic, seismo-acoustic and radiocarbon studies of the lake, which is 9.4 km long, with a maximum width of 5 km and an area of about 39 km. The results of the research are presented in a paper published in Radiocarbon.
"We studied the bottom sediments of Lake Shira, which is located in the Khakassky state natural biosphere reserve, to find out how the climate has changed in the area of this body of water," says senior researcher Dilyara Kuzina. "The samples were collected during the expedition in 2020. Layer by layer, centimeter by centimeter, we studied one of the core columns with a capacity of 30 centimeters, extracted from the bottom of the lake. Two methods were used to determine the age of the sediments: radiocarbon dating by measuring the radiocarbon (14C) content and determining the 210Pb and 137Cs isotope ratios, which provided a very good age model. In addition, we used elemental and isotopic geochemistry methods to refine the core chronology, as well as measuring magnetic susceptibility and consulting historical records. The sediment layers we studied span the period from approximately 1870 to 2020."
Lake sediments store information from the time of their formation. Like the annual rings of trees, a lake's layers contain data on what the surrounding conditions were like, past climate, and whether it has experienced human impact at certain points in time.
"Lake sediments are excellent archives of past climate change because environmental conditions directly affect the sediment that accumulates on the bottom of bodies of water. For example, in dry and hot weather, lakes receive less water, evaporation is abundant, the concentration of elements that dissolve in water increases, and eventually they can precipitate in the form of salts or carbonates," Kuzina adds.
By studying such sediments, it is possible to decipher what were the conditions of sedimentation.
The senior researcher explains what exactly the international group managed to find out, "We found that the region of this lake had a warm and humid climate from 1870 to 1900, then it changed to a completely opposite type of climate. Between 1900 and 1940, the climate was cold and dry. During this period, Lake Shira became saline and holomictic (vertical mixing of waters to the bottom occurred). In 1940-1963, the lake was stratified (temperature and density of water at different depths differed), and in some places meromictic (this is the name given to a body of water in which there is practically no circulation of water between layers of different mineralization). From 1963 to 2000 there was an increase in the salinity of the lake. At the same time, between 1994 and 2003, the lake became saline-meromictic with oxygen-free conditions in the deep water layers. In the bottom sediments of the lake, anthropogenic impact and industrial pollution have been recorded in recent years."
According to one of the authors of the article, Pavel Krylov, deputy director for ressearch of the Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies, the team was the first to obtain data on the thickness of the bottom sediments of Lake Shira and their structure.
"Before that, there was only a depth map obtained with a household echo sounder," he says. "We conducted seismo-acoustic studies and obtained unique transects. The seismic sections were used to determine the bedding structure of the sediments and the most favorable location for coring."
Krylov emphasizes that the places of core sampling of lake sediments should be chosen with special care so that the results of their laboratory studies are the most reliable.
"Preliminary seismo-acoustic studies are carried out very rarely due to the lack of equipment that allows to work on small bodies of water," Krylov shares. "Our geophysicists have developed an electrodynamic acoustic wave emitter, called Boomer, which we use at each site before selecting core columns."
According to paleoclimatologists, lake sediments have been able to store data on environmental and climate changes for thousands of years. Now scientists are studying another core, selected in 2020 during the expedition; its length is 5 meters. It contains a record of how sedimentation conditions in Lake Shira have changed over the past 9,000 years. To date, the magnetic properties of the core have been studied, and it has been found out what changes in the magnetic field occurred during this period.
The work is funded by a Russian Science Foundation grant "General picture of climate change and its impact on the environment and society in the northern and central parts of the Eurasian continent since the last glaciation: reconstruction from geological and paleobiological data", headed by Vice-Rector for Earth Sciences Danis Nurgaliev.

Советский венерианский зонд Космос-482, за которым несколько недель следили космические агентства по всему миру, упал в Индийский океан 10 мая. Запущенный в 1972 г. аппарат не сумел покинуть орбиту Земли и пробыл на ней 53 года. В целом же советская программа «Венера» достигла выдающихся результатов: первые зонды, вошедшие в венерианскую атмосферу, первый благополучно севший на поверхность планеты аппарат, первые фотографии - черно-белые и цветные, первая передача звуков инопланетного ландшафта.

After looping through space for 53 years, a wayward Soviet spacecraft called Kosmos-482 returned to Earth, entering the planet’s atmosphere at 9:24 a.m. Moscow time on Saturday, according to Roscosmos, the state corporation that runs the Russian space program.
Designed to land on the surface of Venus, Kosmos-482 may have remained intact during its plunge. It splashed down in the Indian Ocean west of Jakarta, Indonesia, Roscosmos said.
Kosmos-482 was launched on March 31, 1972, but became stranded in Earth’s orbit after one of its rocket boosters shut down prematurely. The spacecraft’s return to Earth was a reminder of the Cold War competition that prompted science fiction-like visions of Earthbound powers projecting themselves out into the solar system.
"It recalls a time when the Soviet Union was adventurous in space - when we were all maybe more adventurous in space," said Jonathan McDowell, an astrophysicist at the Harvard & Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics who tracks objects launched into orbit. "It’s a bit of a bittersweet moment in that sense."
While America had won the race to the moon, the Soviet Union, through its Venera program, kept its sights on Venus, Earth’s twisted sister.
From 1961 to 1984, the Soviets launched 29 spacecraft toward the shrouded world next door. Many of those missions failed, but more than a dozen did not. The Venera spacecraft surveilled Venus from orbit, collected atmospheric observations while gently descending through its toxic clouds, scooped and studied soil samples and sent back the first, and only, pictures we have from the planet’s surface.
"Kosmos-482 is a reminder that, 50 years ago, the Soviet Union reached the planet Venus. Here is a physical artifact of that project, of that time," said Asif Siddiqi, a historian at Fordham University who specializes in Soviet-era space and scientific activities. "There’s something oddly strange and compelling to me about this, about how the past still continues to orbit the Earth."
Half a century later, as nations plot a return to the moon and fling their probes toward Mars, Jupiter and various asteroids, a lonely Japanese space probe is the only vehicle orbiting Venus. Other proposed missions have faced delays and uncertain futures.
During the space race, putting boots on the moon was the biggest prize - but the other worlds in our solar system were calling, too. As the United States focused increasingly on Mars, the Soviet Union turned its sights toward the second rock from the sun.
"Both sides had an interest in Mars at that time, but Venus was an easier target," said Cathleen Lewis, curator of international space programs and spacesuits at the Smithsonian Institution’s National Air & Space Museum.
Nearly the same size as Earth, Venus is often referred to as its twin, though it’s about as un-Earthlike as rocky planets get. It is sheathed in a thick atmosphere of carbon dioxide and hidden beneath miles of sulfuric acid clouds. A casualty of a runaway greenhouse effect, the Venusian surface is a sweltering 870 degrees Fahrenheit, and crushed by atmospheric pressures about 90 times greater than those of Earth.
"How do you build something that can survive a multimonth journey across the solar system, get to a planet through a thick atmosphere, get to the ground and not melt or be crushed, and take pictures?" Dr. Siddiqi asked. "It’s kind of an incredible problem to think about solving in the 1960s."
Undeterred by the challenges posed by such a punishing world, the Soviets hurled their hardware at Venus, again and again. And there was no template for how to do it at the time.
"You literally were inventing the thing you want to send to Venus," Dr. Siddiqi said. "Nowadays if a country like Japan were to want to send something to Venus, they have 50 years of textbooks and engineering manuals. In the ’60s, you had nothing."
The Soviet Venera program achieved a number of superlatives: the first probes to enter another planet’s atmosphere, the first spacecraft to safely land on another planet, the first to record the sounds of an alien landscape.
The Kosmos-482 failure occurred during the middle of that timeline. And the re-entry on Saturday was not Earth’s first encounter with the intended Venus lander.
Around 1 a.m. local time on April 3, 1972, just a few days after the troubled launch, the town of Ashburton, New Zealand, was visited by several 30-pound titanium spheres, each the size of a beach ball and marked with Cyrillic lettering.
One ended up in a turnip field, which alarmed the local citizenry. The New Zealand Herald reported in 2002 that one of the spheres "was eventually locked in a police cell in Ashburton because no one knew what to do with it."
Although space law specifies that ownership of a crashed space object remains with the country that launched it, the Soviets didn’t claim ownership of the spheres at the time. The "space balls" were eventually returned to the farmers that found them.
And while Kosmos-482 was lost, its sibling, which had been launched a few days earlier, eventually landed on Venus and was named Venera 8. That spacecraft survived and transmitted data from the surface for 50 minutes. Two years later, when Venera 9 and 10 arrived - for the Soviets, building in redundancy meant launching two of everything - they slowly descended through the clouds, touched down on the planet’s surface, and beamed back images of a desolate, yellowish world.
The Venera program ended in the mid-1980s with the ambitious Vega probes. Those missions launched in 1984, dropped landers on the Venusian surface in 1985 and flew by Halley’s comet in 1986.
"The ’70s and ’80s legacy of Soviet exploration of Venus was a point of pride for the U.S.S.R.," Dr. Lewis said.
The Kosmos-482 re-entry, while unique for historical reasons, is not that unusual. Today, nations and companies are launching still more hardware into orbit, leaving no shortage of objects falling from the sky.
"Re-entries are very frequent now," said Greg Henning, an engineer and space debris expert at the Aerospace Corporation, a federally supported nonprofit that tracks objects in orbit. "We’re seeing dozens of them a day. Most of the time they go unnoticed."
That’s especially true in the current moment, when the sun is quite active, because increased solar activity puffs up the Earth’s atmosphere and increases drag on orbiting objects.
Some of those re-entries put on spectacular light shows. They may result from controlled plummets back to Earth, like those of SpaceX’s cargo and crew capsules. Others are accidental, like the failed test flights of SpaceX’s Starship prototypes. And others are deliberately uncontrolled and potentially quite hazardous, as has been the case with China’s Long March 5B rocket boosters, objects big enough to cause significant problems if they re-enter over a populated area.
But on rare occasions, an object like Kosmos-482 will return to Earth as a record of humankind’s first steps into the space that girdles the Earth.
"There’s an archive of the space race, still circling the Earth. There’s so much stuff that was launched in the 1950s, 1960s, 1970s," Dr. Siddiqi said. "Sometimes we’re reminded that there’s this museum there because it drops on our heads."

Международный консорциум ученых GenomeAsia 100K провел масштабное исследование геномов 1537 представителей 139 этнических групп Северной Евразии и Америки. Коллектив авторов из восьми стран, включая Россию, опубликовал статью в журнале Science, в которой уточнил генетический состав и происхождение сибирских и американских популяций, а также проследил пути миграции людей в Южную Америку через Берингов пролив в позднем плейстоцене.
Начатый в 2016 г. проект GenomeAsia 100K занимается секвенированием геномов всех основных этнических групп азиатских стран с целью создания паназиатской геномной базы данных, поскольку генофонд азиатского населения недостаточно изучен по сравнению с другими. В дальнейшем это будет использовано в том числе для улучшения профилактики заболеваний и открытия новых способов лечения.

A large-scale genomic study of over 1,500 individuals from 139 underrepresented Indigenous groups across northern Eurasia and the Americas sheds new light on the ancient migrations that shaped the genetic landscape of North and South America. The results reveal distinct ancestry patterns and early diversification of Indigenous South American populations.
The late Pleistocene saw the migration of humans from North Asia into North and South America beginning by at least 23,000 years ago, according to archaeological evidence. This expansion was rapid - genetic evidence suggests northern and southern Native American groups began diverging between 17,500 and 14,600 years ago, with human presence in southernmost South America confirmed by 14,500 years ago. However, many questions remain about this expansion and its impact on the genetic architecture of human populations across the continents, especially in South America, where high-resolution genomic studies are still lacking.
To address this knowledge gap, Elena Gusareva and colleagues developed a comprehensive, high-resolution genomic dataset comprising over 1,500 individuals from 139 ethnic groups - many previously unstudied. This dataset, containing more than 50 million high-quality genetic variants, was analyzed alongside ancient and modern DNA from Native American populations. This helped the authors investigate deep patterns of population history, migration, and adaptation.
Gusareva et al. found that Siberian populations trace their ancestry to six ancient lineages, with West Siberian heritage broadly shared across the region. A notable population decline around 10,000 years ago may have been driven by climate change and the loss of megafauna. Moreover, genetic and archaeological evidence suggests that Native Americans diverged from North Eurasians between 26,800 and 19,300 years ago, with west Beringian groups like the Inuit, Koryaks, and Luoravetlans being their closest living relatives. In South America, four distinct Indigenous lineages - Amazonians, Andeans, Chaco Amerindians, and Patagonians - rapidly emerged from a common Mesoamerican origin between 13,900 and 10,000 years ago. The four lineages largely reflect distinct geographical and environmental regions, such as the Andes Mountains, the arid lowlands of the Dry Chaco, the humid tropical rainforests of the Amazon Basin, and the frigid polar climate of Patagonia.
According to the authors, rapid geographic isolation of these groups likely reduced genetic diversity, particularly in immune-related HLA genes, which may influence susceptibility to infectious diseases.

Самое древнее из известных на данный момент событий Мияке (солнечно-протонные штормы, вызывавшие резкие скачки активности радиоуглерода в атмосфере Земли, что, в свою очередь, фиксировалось в годичных кольцах росших в то время деревьев), случившееся примерно 14300 лет назад, было также и самым мощным. Ученые из Финляндии, Франции, Швейцарии и России определили это с помощью разработанной ими новой химико-климатической модели, применимой к условиям ледникового периода (все остальные известные события случились в эпоху голоцена). Кроме того, удалось рассчитать вероятную дату события - между январем и апрелем 12350 г. до н. э., скорее всего в начале марта.

A colossal solar storm struck Earth 14,300 years ago, making it the most powerful event of its kind ever detected, according to a new study. The discovery pushes back the known limits of solar activity and raises fresh questions about the risks posed by such space weather to modern infrastructure.
The storm, which occurred around 12,350 BC during the final stages of the last Ice Age, left a distinct spike in atmospheric radiocarbon levels - an isotopic signature preserved in ancient tree rings. Until recently, scientists had lacked the tools to accurately gauge the strength of such ancient solar events. But with the help of a new model, researchers have now confirmed the true intensity of the prehistoric event.
Researchers at the University of Oulu in Finland, led by postdoctoral scientist Kseniia Golubenko and professor Ilya Usoskin, developed a climate-chemistry model to reconstruct solar particle storms under glacial conditions. Their results showed that the Ice Age event was about 18 per cent stronger than the AD 775 solar storm, long regarded as the most extreme ever recorded in tree-ring archives.
"Compared to the largest event of the modern satellite era - the 2005 particle storm - the ancient 12350 BC event was over 500 times more intense, according to our estimates," Golubenko said in a press statement.
Solar particle storms are rare eruptions that shower the Earth with high-energy particles, triggering elevated levels of cosmogenic isotopes such as radiocarbon. These spikes, known as Miyake events, serve as cosmic timestamps that allow scientists to pinpoint exact years in otherwise floating archaeological chronologies.
The team validated their model using tree-ring data from the AD 775 event and applied it to newly analysed wood samples from the French Alps dating back more than 14,000 years. This approach allowed them to map the strength, timing and atmospheric impact of the 12,350 BC event-the first such extreme event found outside the Holocene, the roughly 12,000-year period of stable climate in which human civilisation emerged.
The study, published in the journal Earth and Planetary Science Letters, involved researchers from Finland, France and Switzerland and was led by professor Edouard Bard of CEREGE, France.
Known historical solar particle storms occurred in AD 994, 663 BC, 5259 BC, and 7176 BC, among others. The infamous Carrington event of 1859 - often cited in space weather discussions - was not a particle storm and belongs to a different category of solar phenomena.
The findings offer crucial insight into the solar system’s past and future.
Usoskin added that these radiocarbon spikes offer a powerful tool for reconstructing ancient solar activity. "Miyake events allow us to pin down exact calendar years in floating archaeological chronologies."
As solar activity continues to rise in the current solar cycle, the research has renewed urgency. While solar storms of this magnitude are exceedingly rare, their potential impact on modern technological society could be devastating.

Археологи из Австралии, США, России, Германии и Израиля уточнили хронологическую последовательность заселения Денисовой пещеры денисовцами, неандертальцами и людьми современного типа, реконструировав историю пещеры за последние 300 000 лет. Ученые определили время проживания там каждой группы, а также установили, как менялись условия окружающей среды и разнообразие фауны.

In the Altai Mountains, in southern Siberia, lies the famous Denisova Cave, the only place in the world where the presence of three distinct types of humans has been demonstrated: Neanderthals, Denisovans, and modern humans. A new study, published in Nature Communications, has managed to reconstruct in unprecedented detail the complete history of the cave over the past 300,000 years.
The discovery was made by more than 20 researchers from Australia, Russia, Germany, Israel, and the United States, who worked with sediment dating techniques, ancient DNA analysis, and archaeological and paleontological studies. Their research has made it possible to determine when each group of humans lived in the cave and what their environment was like, what animals accompanied them, and what climatic changes they had to face.
Denisova Cave has three main chambers: the Main Chamber, the East Chamber, and the South Chamber. Until now, most of the research had focused on the first two, but the new study focused on the South Chamber, which had been much less explored but has revealed valuable information to fill in the gaps from the other areas.
During excavations between 2017 and 2019, scientists collected nearly 500 sediment samples from this South Chamber, and thanks to a technique known as optical dating, they were able to establish when those layers of earth were deposited. Then, through genetic analysis, they identified fragments of ancient DNA from both humans and animals. All of this, along with the discovery of stone tools, bones, and ornamental objects, allowed them to reconstruct a detailed chronology.
Human History in Denisova: Encounters and Replacements
The study shows that the Denisovans were the first to inhabit the cave, from at least 250,000 years ago. Later, around 200,000 years ago, the Neanderthals arrived. In some periods, the two species even overlapped and coexisted, and it is known that they had joint descendants because a bone from a girl with a Neanderthal mother and a Denisovan father was found in the Main Chamber.
The researchers also identified the DNA of modern humans in the most recent layers, dated between 25,000 and 20,000 years ago. Although no skeletal remains have been found, they did leave genetic traces and characteristic objects such as a pendant made from a deer tooth and a mammoth ivory figurine.
The DNA samples also indicate that there were two distinct Denisovan populations, one older and one more recent. The older one, related to the Denisova 2 and 8 fossils, disappeared around 150,000 years ago. Later came a new population, represented by Denisova 3 and 4, which inhabited the cave until about 55,000 years ago.
The study also reveals that ancient humans shared the cave alternately with a wide variety of animals such as bears, hyenas, bison, woolly rhinoceroses, mammoths, wolves, foxes, and deer, among others. Thanks to the analysis of the DNA of these animals, scientists were able to detect when each species lived there and how they changed depending on the climate.
For example, cave bears and brown bears were already present in the oldest layers, while the hyenas changed genetic type over time, and bison and deer increased their presence in colder periods.
The study also notes that the region’s climatic conditions fluctuated dramatically with warm periods, such as the interglacial period 130,000 years ago, and very cold ones, such as the ice ages. These changes affected both animals and humans, who had to adapt or abandon the place. Nonetheless, Denisova Cave appears to have served as a refuge during the worst climatic moments, which would explain its prolonged occupation.
The study offers a comprehensive view of the human and animal ecosystem over three glacial cycles, where the cave, according to the researchers, functioned as a natural observatory of human evolution in Eurasia.
The disappearance of the Denisovans in the region did not coincide with a major animal extinction or an extreme climatic event, leading the authors to believe that their disappearance may have been due to social factors or encounters with modern humans.

Вьетнамская академия наук и технологий (VAST) и ДВО РАН подвели итоги совместной работы в области морских исследований в 2018-2025 гг. на семинаре, состоявшемся 28 мая в Нячанге. В частности, были проведены четыре исследования биоразнообразия и биологически активных веществ в водах Вьетнама с помощью российского научно-исследовательского судна «Академик Опарин», было взято 17 тысяч проб.

Academician Oparin, a Russian research vessel, successfully collected nearly 17,000 marine biological samples, contributing valuable data to the study and conservation of ocean biodiversity in Vietnam’s waters. The information was provided at a scientific workshop hosted by the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), in collaboration with the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FEBRAS) on May 28.
The scientific workshop, themed "VAST- FEB Joint Marine Expeditions: Roadmap 2018-2025 Scientific Achievements and Future Perspective", took place at the Institute of Oceanography in Nha Trang City, Khanh Hoa Province. It aims to review the outcomes of their joint marine research cooperation program from 2018 to 2025.
As reported at the workshop, over the past eight years, the Russian research vessel carried out four joint surveys at 474 sampling sites across the waters of Vietnam including frontline island areas. The vessel successfully collected nearly 17,000 marine biological samples, contributing valuable data to the study and conservation of ocean biodiversity in Vietnam’s waters.
Marine scientific research has been a long-standing field of cooperation between the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology and the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Over the past 20 years (2005-2025), the two sides have conducted 10 joint survey expeditions, including nine focused on marine biodiversity and biochemistry using Academician Oparin in Vietnam’s waters. Over the past ten years, more than 20 young scientists from specialized institutes under the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology have been sent to Russia for study and research. As a result of this collaboration, the two sides have jointly released 64 scientific works, including 33 published in ISI-indexed international journals, three monographs and numerous scientific articles.
Professor and Academician Chau Van Minh, President of the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, emphasized that the survey expeditions have presented a comprehensive dataset on environmental conditions, biodiversity potential and bioactive compounds in Vietnam’s marine areas. It serves as a crucial scientific foundation for the sustainable management, exploitation and conservation of the country’s marine resources.
Notably, during the ninth survey expedition conducted from May 1 to May 25, 2025, the research vessel collected an additional 6,500 marine biological specimens and 2,500 environmental samples in the southern waters of Vietnam.
The collected data will serve for analyzing marine pollution, detecting the presence of microplastics, identifying persistent organic pollutants, and developing a remote sensing database to support environmental monitoring and the sustainable development of aquaculture.

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