List of illustrations ........................................ xiii
Notes on contributors ......................................... xiv
Introduction ................................................ xxiii
PART I. Historical and philosophical context .................... 1
1 Conventionalism .............................................. 3
ROBERT DiSALLE
2 The epistemology of science after Quine ..................... 15
PAUL A. ROTH
3 The history of philosophy and the philosophy of science ..... 27
JOANNE WAUGH AND ROGER ARIEW
4 Metaphysics ................................................. 38
STEPHEN MUMFORD
5 Philosophy of language ...................................... 48
ROD BERTOLET
6 The role of logic in philosophy of science .................. 59
DIDERIK BATENS
7 Critical rationalism ........................................ 70
GÜROL IRZIK
8 The historical turn in the philosophy of science ............ 79
ALEXANDER BIRD
9 Logical empiricism .......................................... 90
THOMAS UEBEL
10 Pragmatism and science ..................................... 103
ROBERT ALMEDER
11 Social epistemology ........................................ 112
K. BRAD WRAY
PART II. Debates .............................................. 121
12 Bayesianism ................................................ 123
COLIN HOWSON
13 Computer simulation ........................................ 135
WENDY S. PARKER
14 Confirmation ............................................... 146
ALAN HÁJEK AND JAMES M. JOYCE
15 Empiricism ................................................. 160
ELLIOTT SOBER
16 Essentialism and natural kinds ............................. 170
BRIAN ELLIS
17 Ethics of science .......................................... 181
DAVID B. RESNIK
18 Experiment ................................................. 191
THEODORE ARABATZIS
19 Explanation ................................................ 203
JAMES WOODWARD
20 The feminist approach to the philosophy of science ......... 214
CASSANDRA L. PINNICK
21 Inference to the best explanation .......................... 225
PETER LIPTON
22 Laws of nature ............................................. 235
MARC LANGE
23 Naturalism ................................................. 245
RONALD N. GIERE
24 Realism/anti-realism ....................................... 256
MICHAEL DEVITT
25 Relativism about science ................................... 268
MARIA BAGHRAMIAN
26 Scientific method .......................................... 280
HOWARD SANKEY
27 Social studies of science .................................. 291
ROBERT NOLA
28 The structure of theories .................................. 301
STEVEN FRENCH
29 Theory-change in science ................................... 313
JOHN WORRALL
30 Thought experiments ........................................ 324
JAMES ROBERT BROWN
31 Underdetermination ......................................... 336
IGOR DOUVEN
32 Values in science .......................................... 346
GERALD DOPPELT
PART III. Concepts ............................................ 359
33 Causation .................................................. 361
CHRISTOPHER HITCHCOCK
34 Determinism ................................................ 371
BARRY LOEWER
35 Evidence ................................................... 381
PETER ACHINSTEIN
36 Function ................................................... 393
DENIS WALSH
37 Idealization ............................................... 402
JAMES LADYMAN
38 Measurement ................................................ 411
HASOK CHANG AND NANCY CARTWRIGHT
39 Mechanisms ................................................. 420
STUART GLENNAN
40 Models ..................................................... 429
DEMETRIS PORTIDES
41 Observation ................................................ 440
ANDRÉ KUKLA
42 Prediction ................................................. 449
MALCOLM FORSTER
43 Probability ................................................ 458
MARIA CARLA GALAVOTTI
44 Pseudoscience .............................................. 469
BRADLEY MONTON
45 Reduction .................................................. 479
SAHOTRA SARKAR
46 Representation in science .................................. 490
PAUL TELLER
47 Scientific discovery ....................................... 497
THOMAS NICKLES
46 Space and time ............................................. 507
OLIVER POOLEY
49 Species and taxonomy ....................................... 523
MARC ERESHEFSKY
50 Symmetry ................................................... 531
MARGARET MORRISON
51 Truthlikeness .............................................. 541
GRAHAM ODDIE
52 Unification ................................................ 552
TODD JONES
53 The virtues of a good theory ............................... 561
ERNAN McMULLIN
PART IV. Individual sciences .................................. 573
54 ^Biology ................................................... 575
ALEXANDER ROSENBERG
55 Chemistry .................................................. 586
ROBIN FINDLAY HENDRY
56 Cognitive science .......................................... 597
PAUL THAGARD
57 Cosmology .................................................. 609
CHRIS SMEENK
58 Economics .................................................. 621
USKALI MÁKI
59 Mathematics ................................................ 633
PETER CLARK
60 Physics .................................................... 645
SIMON SAUNDERS
61 Psychology ................................................. 659
RICHARD SAMUELS
62 Social sciences ............................................ 672
HAROLD KINCAID
Index ......................................................... 683
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