1. Introduction 5
2. Marine Biosphere Initiatives Proposed for the IGBP 5
2.1 Biogeochemical Cycles and Physical Climate Linkages 5
2.2 Ocean Carbon Cycle 6
2.3 Coastal and Estuarine Systems 6
3. Definition and Global Significance of the Coastal Ocean 7
3.1 Physical and Biological Features 7
3.2 Global Biogeochemical Perspective 10
3.3 Resources and Human Activities 12
4. Implications of Global Change 13
4.1 Coupling of Terrestrial and Ocean Biospheres 13
4.2 Change in the Coastal Ocean 14
4.3 Climate Feedback 16
5. Possible Objectives of a Coastal Ocean Fluxes
and Resource Study 17
6. Research Privities 17
6.1 Dynamics and Biogeochemical Fluxes 19
6.2 Effects of Chemical Modification 23
6.3 Effects of Changes in Sea Level and Climate 27
7. Underlying Needs 32
7.1 Section of Study Sites 32
7.2 Global Observation and Remote Sensing 34
7.3 Long-Term Monitoring 35
7.4 Documentation of Change in the Coastal Ocean 36
7.5 Predictive Progress / Ecosystem Models 37
7.6 Education, Scientific Training, and Technology
Transfer 38
7.7 Scientific Management Policies 38
8. References 39
9. Appendices 45
A. Acronyms 46
B. Related Research Programmes 47
C. Participant List for the CP2 Ad Hoc Workshop 50
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