CHEMRAWN IV
Modern Chemistry and Chemical Technology Applied to the
Ocean and its Resources
Editor: Edward D. Goldberg
Proceedings of an International Conference and Workshop
Sponsored by the International Union of Pure and
Applied Chemistry, held at Keystone, Colorado, U.S.A.,
4-9 October 1987
BRIAN HITCHON: Editorial 1
Articles
ALLEN BARD, EDWARD D.GOLDBERG and DEREK W.SPENCER:
Modern chemistry and chemical technology applied to
the ocean and its resources:Introduction 3
T. DAVID WAITE, DONALD T. SAWYER and OLIVER C. ZAFIRIOU:
Panel 1: Oceanic reactive chemical transients 9
BRUCE O.HONEYMAN, ARTHUR W.ADAMSON and JAMES W.MURRAY:
Panel 2: The nature of reactions on marine particle
surfaces 19
ANDREW G.DICKSON, HAROLD L.FRIEDMAN and FRANK J.MILLERO:
Panel 3: Chemical models of sea water systems 27
THOMAS E.GRAEDEL, PETER G.BREWER and F.SHERWOOD ROWLAND:
Panel 4: Chemistry at the air-sea interface 37
WILLIAM R.MARTIN, STEVEN R.EMERSON and CHARLES LOCHMULLER:
Panel 5: Chemical processes at the ocean bottom 49
Panel 1: Oceanic Reactive Chemical Transients—Unresolved
Problems
NEIL V.BLOUGH: Upper ocean free radical chemistry 59
WERNER R.HAAG: Problem description in radical
chemistries 60
MICHAEL R.HOFFMANN: Important unresolved problems in
marine chemistry 61
JURG HOIGNE: Effect of abiotic photochemical processes
on the chemistry of aquatic solutes and on global
cycles 63
JAMES W.MOFFETT: Photochemistry and minor element
transport processes 64
STEPHEN E.SCHWARTZ: Air-sea interface chemistry of
reactive gases 65
T.DAVID WAITE: Kinetics of free radical processes in
the marine environment 66
OLIVER C.ZAFIRIOU: Is there a measurable net marine
photoreaction? 67
RICHARD G.ZEPP: Role of particles in natural water
photochemistry 68
ROD G.ZIKA: Chemical and physical characterization of
chromophoric organic material 69
Panel 2: The Nature of Reactions on Marine Surfaces—
Unresolved Problems
ROBERT ANDERSON: The nature of reactions on marine
surfaces 73
MICHAEL P.BACON: Kinetics of chemical scavenging
deduced from natural tracer distributions 74
KENNETH W.BRULAND: Trace element speciation: organo
metallic compounds and metal-organic ligand complexes 75
NICHOLAS S.FISHER: The nature of reactions on particle
surfaces in seawater 76
BRUCE D HONEYMAN: Particle-particle interactions:
a new paradigm for aquatic chemists? 77
KEITH A.HUNTER: The nature and reactions of marine
surfaces: unresolved problems 78
JAMES O.LECKIE: Adsorption and transformation of trace
element species at sulfide/water interfaces 79
FRANCOIS M.M.MOREL: Solute-particle and particle-
particle reaction in seawater 80
PETER H. SANTSCHI: A need to study interactive effects 81
WILLIAM G.SUNDA: Role of microorganisms in the
association of trace elements with particles 82
Panel 3: Chemical Models of Sea Water Systems—
Unresolved Problems
ROBERT H BYRNE: Seawater trace metal speciation 85
WILLIAM CASEY: Non-linear irreversible thermodynamics
and geochemical systems 86
CHEN-TUNG A.CHEN: Speciation and distribution of
elements in seawater 87
ANDREW G.DICKSON: What do we need to know about kinetics
in marine chemistry? 88
WILLIAM M.LANDING: Chemical kinetic/thermodynamic
models for iron in the ocean 89
ANTONIO C.LASAGA: Geochemical cycles—kinetics 91
JOHN W.MORSE: Dynamics of chemical interactions 92
JOHN M.C.PLANE: Modeling photochemistry in the ocean 93
MICHAEL WHITFIELD: Modelling the dynamics of ocean
systems 94
MICHAEL WHITFIELD and DAVID TURNER: Questions for
the modelling group 95
Panel 4: Chemistry at the Air-Sea Interface—Unresolved
Problems
WILLIAM E.ASHER: Air/sea interface chemistry and
air/sea gas exchange 99
DAVID J.CARLSON: Unresolved questions concerning
ocean-atmosphere interfaces 100
DAVID DYRSSEN: Problems in chemical oceanography
and marine chemistry 101
DANIEL J.REPETA: Origin, composition and fate of
dissolved organic carbon 102
ALAN T.STONE: Reaction kinetics and mechanisms in
oceanography 103
RIK WANNINKHOF: Quantification of air-sea fluxes of
gaseous compounds using deliberate tracers 104
ANDREW J.WATSON: Coming to grips with the variability
of surface water chemistry 105
Panel 5: Chemical Processes at the Ocean Bottom—
Unresolved Problems
EDWARD BOYLE: Climate, ocean circulation, and the
chemistry of benthic fossil shells 109
HENRY ELDERFIELD: On understanding sediment
geochemistry 110
STEVEN R.EMERSON: Chemical reactions at the ocean
bottom: problems and perspective 111
JOHN I.HEDGES: Key problems in the organic chemistry
of marine waters and sediments 113
RICHARD JAHNKE: The role of minor element substitu
tions on marine mineral solubilities and formation
and dissolution kinetics 114
KENNETH S.JOHNSON: The influence of the sediment
community on chemical transformations 115
WILLIAM R.MARTIN: Whole-core squeezing: current work
and future plans 116
FREDRICK G.PRAHL: Important future research for
environmental organic chemistry 117
NIELS PETER REVSBECH: Chemical analysis near the
sediment-water interface 118
KAREN L.VON DAMM: Hydrothermal seawater-basalt-
sediment interaction chemistry 119
Acknowledgements 121
List of Participants 123
Agency Representatives 127
Subject Index 129
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