Introduction .................................................... 7
1. Modesty vs. presumption. Peirce in search of a subtle
equilibrium .................................................. 8
2. Overview .................................................... 13
Chapter I SCHOLASTIC REALISM AND THE COMING OF THE AGE OF
INDIVIDUALISM ...................................... 21
1. Peirce's realisms in a historical perspective ............... 21
2. Back to Scotus in search of the philosophy for modern
science ..................................................... 24
2.1. Scholastic problem of universals ....................... 27
2.2. Scotistic solution to the problem of universals ........ 31
3. Peirce's reception of Scotus ................................ 37
3.1. Why Peirce prefers Scotus to Ockham .................... 42
4. Scholastic realism from a semeiotic perspective ............. 50
5. The problem of individualism ................................ 56
6. Nominalist impact on Peirce - the controversy over
formalities ................................................. 61
6.1. Peirce's reception of Ockham's logic ................... 66
7. The clash of worldviews ..................................... 75
Chapter II CRUSADE AGAINST MODERN NOMINALISM .................. 82
1. Pre-history of modern nominalism ............................ 83
2. Modern nominalism as a system of ideas ...................... 89
3. Modern nominalism I - "a conceited young man" ............... 95
4. Modern nominalism II: 17th с theory of ideas ............... 106
4.1. Holistic theory of perception ......................... 110
4.2. Holistic arguments against classical empiricism ....... 118
5. Modern nominalism III: Kant and the theory of categories ... 121
5.1. Peirce's theory of categories ......................... 127
5.2. Kant the nominalist ................................... 138
6. Modern nominalism IV: the Instrumentalist Era .............. 141
7. Nominalism and the Method of Science ....................... 153
Chapter III PRAGMATIC REALISM ................................. 171
1. What is the realism vs. nominalism dilemma about? .......... 174
2. Anti-nominalist correction and extreme scholastic
realism .................................................... 184
2.1. Opium, Diamonds and the Goal of Inquiry ............... 185
2.2. Extreme scholastic realism - individualism
revisited ............................................. 194
3. Convergentism - a fruitful direction or a dead-end? ........ 204
4. Scientific Realism ......................................... 210
5. Pragmatic realism I: factual pre-conditions of inquiry ..... 226
6. Pragmatic realism II: normative presuppositions of
inquiry .................................................... 231
6.1. Pragmatist account of truth ........................... 234
6.2. Best belief and ideal-limit opinion - are they
rivals? ............................................... 240
7. Pragmatic realism III - commonsensist argument for
indubitable truths ......................................... 250
7.1. Pragmatic realism about manifest image of the world ... 256
8. Pragmatic realism IV - realist ethics of science ........... 261
Chapter IV COMMUNITY AND INDIVIDUAL. PRAGMATIC REALISM
FROM A SOCIAL PERSPECTIVE ......................... 271
1. Blumenberg on theological absolutism and modern self-
assertion .................................................. 278
2. Towards a Peircean anthropology: from self-assertion to
self-control ............................................... 289
2.1. Anthropology of self-control .......................... 301
3. Individualist atomism and communal organicism .............. 306
4. Monadological organicism and Peirce's communitarian
organicism ................................................. 314
5. Self-control and autonomy of the self ...................... 324
Afterword ..................................................... 346
1. What do we need consensus for .............................. 350
Bibliography .................................................. 361
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