Preface ................................................... vii
Prologue: The Problem ....................................... 1
PART I. BACKGROUND ........................................... 21
1. Theory and Practice ........................................ 23
2. The Roots of Casuistry in Antiquity ........................ 47
3. Cicero: Philosopher, Orator, Legislator .................... 75
PART II. THE PRECURSORS ....................................... 89
4. Christian Origins .......................................... 91
5. The Canonists and Confessors .............................. 101
6. The Theologians ........................................... 122
PART III. HIGH CASUISTRY ...................................... 137
7. Summists and Jesuits ...................................... 139
8. Texts, Authors, and Methods ............................... 152
PART IV. THREE SAMPLES OF CASUISTRY .......................... 177
9. Profit: The Case of Usury ................................. 181
10. Perjury: The Case of Equivocation ......................... 195
11. Pride: The Case of the Insulted Gentleman ................. 216
PART V. THE CRISIS .......................................... 229
12. Casuistry Confounded: Pascal's Critique ................... 231
13. The Achievement of Casuistry .............................. 250
PART VI. THE FUTURE OF CASUISTRY ............................. 267
14. After The Provincial Letters .............................. 269
15. Philosophy and the Springs of Morality .................... 279
16. The Revival of Casuistry .................................. 304
17. Epilogue: Conscience and the Claims of Equity ............. 333
Appendix ...................................................... 345
Notes ......................................................... 355
Name Index .................................................... 405
Subject Index ................................................. 409
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