Stich D. Convection initiation - detection and nowcasting with multiple data sources: Diss. / Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen. - Köln: DLR, Bibliotheks- und Informationswesen, 2013. - 131 p.: ill. - (Forschungsbericht; 2013-13). - Bibliogr.: p.119-131. - ISSN 1434-8454  Место хранения:   061 | Институт оптики атмосферы CO РАН | Томск | Библиотека

Оглавление / Contents

1 Introduction ................................................. 3 1.1 Motivation .............................................. 3 1.2 Basic concept, aims & outline ........................... 5 2 Atmospheric Convection and Convection Initiation ............ 11 2.1 Convection and Convection Initiation ................... 11 2.2 Types of organization .................................. 15 2.3 Nowcasting of Convection ............................... 19 3 Methods and data sources .................................... 23 3.1 Cb-TRAM CI detection ................................... 23 3.1.1 Cb-TRAM overview ................................ 23 3.1.2 Detection stages ................................ 26 3.2 Verification ........................................... 29 3.2.1 Verification methods ............................ 29 3.2.2 How to verify CI? ............................... 36 3.3 Additional data sources ................................ 37 3.3.1 Lightning data .................................. 39 3.3.2 Surface observation analysis .................... 40 3.3.3 NWP model data .................................. 42 3.4 Fuzzy logic to combine different data sources .......... 45 4 Analysis of the existing CI detection and nowcasting in Cb-TRAM ..................................................... 51 4.1 CI verification methods for Cb-TRAM .................... 51 4.2 Performance of Cb-TRAM CI stage ........................ 56 5 Combination with additional data sources .................... 59 5.1 Lightning data ......................................... 60 5.2 Surface observations & model data ...................... 62 5.2.1 Indicating low-level moisture ................... 62 5.2.2 Indicating instability .......................... 66 5.2.3 Indicating lift ................................. 69 5.3 Combination of indicators .............................. 74 6 Discussion .................................................. 81 7 Conclusions and outlook ..................................... 91 B VERA moisture flux .......................................... 97 C Fuzzy logic rulebase ........................................ 99 D Abbreviations and acronyms ................................. 101 E Links ...................................................... 105 F Additional figures ......................................... 107 List of Figures ............................................... 114 List of Tables ................................................ 117 Bibliography .................................................. 131