List of Tables .................................................. 9
List of Figures ................................................ 11
Preface ........................................................ 13
Chapter 1
Ant Colony Optimization ........................................ 15
Chapter 2
Generalized Net for ACO ........................................ 21
2.1 GN Model for ACO .......................................... 21
2.2 Expendable GNs for ACO Algorithms ......................... 26
2.3 GN Model of ACO for MKP ................................... 27
2.4 Conclusion ................................................ 31
Chapter 3
Generalized Net for Hybrid ACO ................................. 33
3.1 GN Model for Hybrid ACO with Local Search ................. 33
3.2 Hybridization ACO-GA ...................................... 39
3.3 ACO and GA ................................................ 40
3.4 GN for Hybrid ACO-GA Algorithm ............................ 42
3.5 Conclusion ................................................ 46
Chapter 4
GN for ACO Start Strategies .................................... 47
4.1 GN Model of Start Strategies .............................. 47
4.2 Experimental Results ...................................... 57
4.3 Estimation of Type 1 ...................................... 59
4.4 Ranking Strategies of Type 1 .............................. 61
4.5 GN for ACO with Estimation of Type 2 ...................... 64
4.6 Ranking Strategies of Type 2 .............................. 72
4.7 Sensitivity According Parameter K1 ........................ 74
4.8 Comparison of Type 1 with Type 2 .......................... 76
4.9 Conclusion ................................................ 79
Chapter 5
Fuzzy Estimation of Starting Nodes ............................. 81
5.1 Subset Estimation of Type φ ............................... 81
5.2 Results for Subset Estimation φ ........................... 85
5.3 Comparison of Two Nodes Estimation ........................ 91
5.4 Computational Results of Comparison ....................... 95
5.5 Intuitionistic Fuzzy Estimation ........................... 96
5.6 Tests of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Estimation .................. 98
5.7 Detailed Intuitionistic Fuzzy Estimation ................. 100
5.8 Conclusion ............................................... 102
Chapter 6
Optimization of GN by ACO ..................................... 103
6.1 Ant Optimizing GN Tokens ................................. 103
6.2 GN Universal for the ACO Algorithms ...................... 110
6.3 GN with Optimization Component GACO ....................... 114
6.4 Conclusion ............................................... 116
Appendix A
Generalized Nets .............................................. 117
Appendix В
Intuitionistic Fuzzy Logic .................................... 129
Appendix С
Multiple Knapsack Problem ..................................... 133
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