Chapter 1 General Introduction .................................. 7
Chapter 2 Internalisation of engineered nanoparticles into
mammalian cells in vitro: influence of cell type and
particle properties .................................. 21
Chapter 3 Toxicity of tungsten carbide and cobalt-doped
tungsten carbide nanoparticles in mammalian cells
in vitro ............................................. 49
Chapter 4 Agglomeration of tungsten carbide nanoparticles in
exposure medium does not prevent uptake and
toxicity toward a rainbow trout gill cell line ....... 67
Chapter 5 Tungsten carbide cobalt nanoparticles exert
hypoxia-like effects on the gene expression level
in human keratinocytes ............................... 87
Chapter 6 Summary and Conclusion .............................. 113
Zusammenfassung ................................................ 119
References ..................................................... 125
Appendix ....................................................... 139
Authors' contributions to the manuscripts ...................... 143
Curriculum vitae ............................................... 145
Eidesstattliche Erklarung ...................................... 147
Danksagung ..................................................... 149
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