1 Natural Hazards and Disasters ................................ 1
2 Plate Tectonics and Physical Hazards ........................ 12
3 Earthquakes and Their Causes ................................ 32
4 Earthquake Prediction and Mitigation ........................ 61
5 Tsunami ..................................................... 97
6 Volcanoes: Tectonic Environments and Eruptions ............. 124
7 Volcanoes: Hazards and Mitigation .......................... 150
8 Landslides and Other Downslope Movements ................... 188
9 Sinkholes, Land Subsidence, and Swelling Soils ............. 225
10 Climate Change and Weather Related to Hazards .............. 249
11 Streams and Flood Processes ................................ 290
12 Floods and Human Interactions .............................. 325
13 Waves, Beaches, and Coastal Erosion ........................ 357
14 Hurricanes and Nor'easters ................................. 386
15 Thunderstorms and Tornadoes ................................ 430
16 Wildfires .................................................. 451
17 Impact of Asteroids and Comets ............................. 471
18 The Future: Where Do We Go From Here? ...................... 489
APPENDIX
1 Geological Time Scale ...................................... 500
2 Mineral and Rock Characteristics Related to Hazards ........ 501
3 Conversion Factors ......................................... 512
Glossary ...................................................... 514
Index ......................................................... 527
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