Preface ....................................................... vii
Earthquake risk ............................................... xii
Area of study ................................................ xiii
A note on transliteration .................................... xiii
A note on chronology ......................................... xiii
Acknowledgements ............................................. xiii
Abbreviations .................................................. xv
1 Macroseismic information ..................................... 1
1.1 A brief description and evaluation of documentary and
archaeological source material .......................... 1
1.2 Descriptive and parametric catalogues ................... 4
1.3 Archaeoseismology ....................................... 9
2 Evaluation of macroseismic data ............................. 13
2.1 Topographical material ................................. 13
2.2 The value of local information ......................... 14
2.3 Field studies .......................................... 16
2.3.1 Coseismic faulting .............................. 22
2.3.2 Transient ground motion close to the fault ...... 29
2.3.3 Fault creep ..................................... 31
2.4 The effect of earthquakes on local houses .............. 33
2.4.1 Vulnerability of structures ..................... 37
2.4.2 Vulnerability of the ground: landslides ......... 49
2.5 Assessment of intensity ................................ 52
2.5.1 Earthquake intensity scales ..................... 52
2.5.2 Loss of life in historical earthquakes .......... 55
2.6 The use of earthquake intensity ........................ 56
2.6.1 Intensity distribution and isoseismal maps ...... 57
2.7 Seismic sea waves ...................................... 58
3 Catalogue of earthquakes .................................... 60
3.1 Notes on the descriptive catalogue ..................... 60
3.2 Descriptive catalogue .................................. 62
4 Evaluation of instrumental data ............................ 815
4.1 Regional tectonics .................................... 815
4.2 Instrumental data and regional seismicity ............. 820
4.2.1 Location of earthquakes ........................ 820
4.3 The calculation of magnitude .......................... 823
4.3.1 Seismic moment ................................. 825
4.4 Semi-empirical assessment of magnitude ................ 826
5 Long-term seismicity ....................................... 828
5.1 Distribution of seismic activity: qualitative
evaluation ............................................ 828
5.2 Frequency-magnitude distribution and slip rate ........ 831
5.2.1 The Dead Sea Fault Zone ........................ 832
5.2.2 The Sea of Marmara ............................. 835
5.2.3 The Gulf of Corinth ............................ 836
5.3 Conclusion ............................................ 837
6 Future challenges .......................................... 839
6.1 Consequences of earthquakes ........................... 839
6.2 Earthquake prediction ................................. 840
References .................................................... 844
Index ......................................................... 901
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