 | Schmidt O. Wood and tree fungi: biology, damage, protection, and use / ed. by Czeschlik D. - Berlin; Heidelberg: Springer, 2006. - xi, 334 p.: ill. (some col.). - Ref.: p.267-227. - Sub. ind.: p.229-334. - ISBN 3-540-32138-1
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1 Introduction ................................................. 1
2 Biology ...................................................... 3
2.1 Cytology and Morphology ................................. 3
2.2 Growth and Spreading ................................... 10
2.2.1 Vegetative Growth ............................... 10
2.2.2 Reproduction of Deuteromycetes .................. 16
2.2.3 Sexual Reproduction ............................. 18
2.2.4 Fruit Body Formation ............................ 24
2.2.5 Production, Dispersal and Germination of
Spores .......................................... 25
2.3 Sexuality .............................................. 26
2.4 Identification ......................................... 31
2.4.1 Traditional Methods ............................. 31
2.4.2 Molecular Methods ............................... 33
2.5 Classification ......................................... 47
3 Physiology .................................................. 53
3.1 Nutrients .............................................. 53
3.2 Air .................................................... 58
3.3 Wood Moisture Content .................................. 60
3.4 Temperature ............................................ 67
3.5 pH Value and Acid Production by Fungi .................. 70
3.6 Light and Force of Gravity ............................. 74
3.7 Restrictions of Physiological Data ..................... 77
3.8 Competition and Interactions Between Organisms ......... 79
3.8.1 Antagonisms, Synergisms, and Succession ......... 79
3.8.2 Mycorrhiza and Lichens .......................... 82
4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation .................................. 87
4.1 Enzymes and Low Molecular Agents ....................... 87
4.2 Pectin Degradation ..................................... 92
4.3 Degradation of Hemicelluloses .......................... 93
4.4 Cellulose Degradation .................................. 95
4.5 Lignin Degradation ..................................... 99
5 Damages by Viruses and Bacteria ............................ 109
5.1 Viruses ............................................... 109
5.2 Bacteria .............................................. 109
6 Wood Discoloration ......................................... 119
6.1 Molding ............................................... 121
6.2 Blue Stain ............................................ 125
6.3 Red Streaking ......................................... 129
6.4 Protection ............................................ 131
7 Wood Rot ................................................... 135
7.1 Brown Rot ............................................. 135
7.2 White Rot ............................................. 138
7.3 Soft Rot .............................................. 142
7.4 Protection ............................................ 146
8 Habitat of Wood Fungi ...................................... 161
8.1 Fungal Damage to Living Trees ......................... 161
8.1.1 Bark Diseases .................................. 163
8.1.2 Wilt Diseases .................................. 168
8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care ............................. 173
8.2.1 Wounds and Defense Against Discoloration and
Decay .......................................... 173
8.2.2 Pruning ........................................ 177
8.2.3 Wound Treatment ................................ 178
8.2.4 Detection of Tree and Wood Damages ............. 179
8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi ............................... 183
8.3.1 Armillaria Species ............................. 186
8.3.2 Heterobasidion annosum s.l ..................... 189
8.3.3 Sterewn sanguinolentum ......................... 195
8.3.4 Fomes fomentarius .............................. 195
8.3.5 Laetiporus sulphureus .......................... 197
8.3.6 Meripilus giganteus ............................ 197
8.3.7 Phaeolus schweinitzii .......................... 198
8.3.8 Phellinus pini ................................. 198
8.3.9 Piptoporus betulinus ........................... 199
8.3.10 Polyporus squamosus ............................ 199
8.3.11 Sparassis crispa ............................... 200
8.4 Damage to Stored Wood and Structural Timber
Outdoors .............................................. 200
8.4.1 Daedalea quercina .............................. 202
8.4.2 Gloeophyllum Species ........................... 202
8.4.3 Lentinus lepideus .............................. 205
8.4.4 Paxillus panuoides ............................. 205
8.4.5 Schizophyllum commune .......................... 206
8.4.6 Trametes versicolor ............................ 206
8.5 Damage to Structural Timber Indoors ................... 207
8.5.1 General and Identification ..................... 207
8.5.2 Lesser Common Basidiomycetes in Buildings ...... 212
8.5.3 Common House-Rot Fungi ......................... 214
8.5.4 Prevention of Indoor Decay Fungi and
Refurbishment of Buildings ..................... 233
9 Positive Effects of Wood-Inhabiting Microorganisms ......... 237
9.1 "Myco-Wood" ........................................... 238
9.2 Cultivation of Edible Mushrooms ....................... 239
9.3 Biological Pulping .................................... 244
9.4 "Palo Podrido" and "Myco-Fodder" ...................... 246
9.5 Wood Saccharification and Sulphite Pulping ............ 247
9.6 Grinding and Steam Explosion .......................... 248
9.7 Recent Biotechnological Processes and Outlook ......... 249
Appendix 1 Identification Key for Strand-Forming House-Rot
Fungi .............................................. 253
Appendix 2 Fungi Mentioned in this Book ....................... 261
References .................................................... 267
Subject Index ................................................. 329
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