German R.M. Sintering: from empirical observations to scientific principles. - Waltham; Oxford: Elsevier/Buttenworth-Heinemann, 2014. - xii, 536 p.: ill. - Bibliogr. at the end of the chapters. - Ind.: p.527-536. - ISBN 978-0-12-401682-8  Место хранения:   02 | Отделение ГПНТБ СО РАН | Новосибирск

Оглавление / Contents

Preface ........................................................ хi 1 Introduction ................................................. 1 Context ...................................................... 1 Perspectives ................................................. 2 Definitions .................................................. 4 Sintering Techniques ......................................... 6 Knowledge .................................................... 7 Key Resources ................................................ 9 References .................................................. 10 2 History of Sintering ........................................ 13 Historical Milestones ....................................... 13 Early Sintered Products ..................................... 14 Interdependent Developments ................................. 35 Key Lessons from Sintering History .......................... 36 References .................................................. 37 3 Infrastructure Developments ................................. 41 Qualitative Sintering Theory ................................ 41 Emergence of Quantitative Sintering Concepts ................ 44 Infrastructure Development .................................. 46 Experimental Tools .......................................... 55 Organizational Advances ..................................... 60 Integration ................................................. 60 Status of Sintering Theory .................................. 63 References .................................................. 64 4 Measurement Tools and Experimental Observations ............. 71 Changes During Sintering .................................... 71 Particle Bonding ............................................ 75 Mechanical Properties ....................................... 82 Dimensional Change .......................................... 90 Density, Densification, Porosity ........................... 102 Conductivity ............................................... 104 Magnetic Properties ........................................ 106 Surface Area and Gas Permeability .......................... 106 Pore Structure ............................................. 110 Microstructure ............................................. 115 Thermal Properties ......................................... 121 Summary .................................................... 123 References ................................................. 126 5 Early Quantitative Treatments .............................. 131 Introduction ............................................... 131 Onset of Sintering Science ................................. 132 Copper Sintering ........................................... 132 References ................................................. 138 6 Geometric Trajectories during Sintering .................... 141 Overview ................................................... 141 Stages of Sintering ........................................ 142 Interface Curvature and Energy ............................. 151 Microstructure Changes ..................................... 157 Macrostructure Changes-Component Size and Shape ............ 172 Surface Area Trajectory .................................... 175 Summary .................................................... 177 References ................................................. 179 7 Thermodynamic and Kinetic Treatments ....................... 183 Curvature Gradients and Stress ............................. 183 Atmospheric Reactions ...................................... 185 Mass Transport Mechanisms .................................. 188 Kinetic Relations .......................................... 203 Processing Variables ....................................... 217 Summary .................................................... 221 References ................................................. 223 8 Microstructure Coarsening .................................. 227 Introduction ............................................... 227 Grain Coarsening ........................................... 232 Pore Structure Changes ..................................... 239 Coarsening Interactions .................................... 240 Summary .................................................... 242 References ................................................. 243 9 Sintering With a Liquid Phase .............................. 247 Overview ................................................... 247 Conceptual Developments .................................... 248 Microstructure Development ................................. 252 Preliquid Stage ............................................ 271 Liquid Formation ........................................... 273 Solution-Reprecipitation ................................... 276 Final Stage Solid Skeletal Sintering ....................... 287 Transient Liquids .......................................... 287 Supersolidus Sintering ..................................... 289 Reactive Liquids ........................................... 294 Infiltration Sintering ..................................... 295 Activated Liquid Phase Sintering ........................... 297 Practical Aspects .......................................... 298 Summary .................................................... 299 References ................................................. 299 10 Sintering With External Pressure ........................... 305 Role of External Pressure .................................. 305 Thermal Softening .......................................... 307 Pressure Effects ........................................... 309 Diffusion and Creep ........................................ 315 Multiple Mechanism Densification Rates ..................... 326 Density and Mechanism Maps ................................. 327 Microstructure Evolution ................................... 330 Pressure Application Techniques ............................ 331 Densification Limitations .................................. 350 References ................................................. 350 11 Mixed Powders and Composites ............................... 355 Importance ................................................. 355 Physical Interactions ...................................... 356 Chemical Interactions ...................................... 363 Solubility Role ............................................ 363 Co-fire, Laminated, and Bimaterial Sintering ............... 378 Summary .................................................... 380 References ................................................. 381 12 Rapid Heating Approaches ................................... 387 Introduction ............................................... 387 Early Demonstrations ....................................... 390 Nanoscale Options .......................................... 393 Rapid Heating Techniques ................................... 395 Exothermic ................................................. 395 Supplemental Pressure ...................................... 407 Prospects .................................................. 408 References ................................................. 409 13 Nanoscale Sintering ........................................ 413 Overview ................................................... 413 Role of Particle Size ...................................... 417 Sintering Temperature ...................................... 420 Unchanged Thermodynamics ................................... 421 Time-Temperature-Particle Size ............................. 422 Models versus Experiment ................................... 422 Solution Windows ........................................... 423 Two-Step Sintering ......................................... 427 Opportunities .............................................. 428 References ................................................. 428 14 Computer Models ............................................ 433 introduction ............................................... 433 Procedures ................................................. 438 Data Requirements .......................................... 441 Atomistic Calculations ..................................... 443 Reshaping Models ........................................... 448 Physical Event Models ...................................... 450 Monte Carlo Methods ........................................ 455 Continuum Models and Finite Element Analysis ............... 456 Discrete Element Method .................................... 459 Master Sintering Curve ..................................... 462 Neural Networks ............................................ 463 Summary Comments ........................................... 464 References ................................................. 465 15 Sintering Practice ......................................... 471 Critical Metrics ........................................... 471 Control Parameters ......................................... 480 Atmosphere ................................................. 481