Biomaterials science: an introduction to materials in medicine / ed. by B.D.Ratner et al. - 3rd ed. - Oxford: Elsevier/AP, 2013. - liii, 1519 p.: ill. - Incl. bibl. ref. - Ind.: p.1489-1519. - ISBN 978-0-12-374626-9  Место хранения:   02 | Отделение ГПНТБ СО РАН | Новосибирск

Оглавление / Contents

Contributors ................................................. xiii Preface ....................................................... xxi How to Use this Book ........................................ xxiii Biomaterials Science: An Evolving, Multidisciplinary Endeavor ...................................................... xxv Buddy D. Ratner, Allan S. Hoffman, Frederick J. Schoen, and Jack E. Lemons History of Biomaterials ....................................... xli Buddy D. Ratner PART ONE Materials Science and Engineering SECTION 1.1 Properties of Materials I.1.1 Introduction: Properties of Materials: The Palette of the Biomaterials Engineer ............................ 5 Jack E. Lemons I.1.2 The Nature of Matter and Materials ...................... 6 Buddy D. Ratner I.1.3 Bulk Properties of Materials ............................ 9 Christopher Viney I.1.4 Finite Element Analysis in Biomechanics ................ 21 Michael Sacks, Antonio D'Amore, and Christopher Hobson I.1.5 Surface Properties and Surface Characterization of Biomaterials ........................................... 34 Buddy D. Ratner I.1.6 Role of Water in Biomaterials .......................... 55 Buddy D. Ratner SECTION 1.2 Classes of Materials used in Medicine I.2.1 Introduction: The Diversity and Versatility of Biomaterials ........................................... 63 Allan S. Hoffman I.2.2 Polymers: Basic Principles ............................. 64 Daniel E. Heath and Stuart L. Cooper A. Polyurethanes ....................................... 79 Daniel E. Heath and Stuart L. Cooper B. Silicones ........................................... 82 André Colas and Jim Curtis C. Fluorinated Biomaterials ............................ 92 Fang Liu and David W. Grainger D. Acrylics ........................................... 103 Joe Antonucci and Sabine Dickens I.2.3 Metals: Basic Principles .............................. 111 John B. Brunski A. Titanium and Nitinol (NiTi) ........................ 120 Abhay Pandit, Josep Planeil, and Melba Navarro B. Stainless Steels ................................... 124 Phillip J. Andersen I.2.4 Ceramics, Glasses, and Glass-Ceramics: Basic Principles ............................................ 128 Larry L. Hench and Serena M. Best A. Natural and Synthetic Hydroxyapatites .............. 151 Adele L. Boskey B. Alumina ............................................ 162 Ketul С Popat and Tejal A. Desai I.2.5 Hydrogels ............................................. 166 Nicholas A. Peppas and Allan S. Hoffman I.2.6 Degradable and Resorbable Biomaterials ................ 179 Matthew Treiser, Sascha Abramson, Robert Langer, and Joachim Kohn I.2.7 Engineered Natural Materials .......................... 195 Glenn D. Prestwich and Sarah Atzet I.2.8 Pyrolytic Carbon For Long-Term Medical Implants ....... 209 Robert B. More, Axel D. Haubold, and Jack С. Bokros I.2.9 Composites ............................................ 223 Claudio Migliaresi I.2.10 Non-fouling Surfaces .................................. 241 Buddy D. Ratner and Allan S. Hoffman I.2.11 Applications of "Smart Polymers" as Biomaterials ...... 247 Allan S. Hoffman I.2.12 Physicochemical Surface Modification of Materials Used in Medicine ...................................... 259 Buddy D. Ratner and Allan S. Hoffman I.2.13 Surface Patterning .................................... 276 Ryan T. Hill and Ashutosh Chilkoti I.2.14 Medical Fibers and Biotextiles ........................ 301 Martin W. King and Sangwon Chung I.2.15 Textured and Porous Materials ......................... 321 Heidi E. Koschwanez and William M. Reichert I.2.16 Electrospinning Fundamentals and Applications ......... 332 Robert Akins and John Rabolt I.2.17 Surface-Immobilized Biomolecules ...................... 339 Allan S. Hoffman and Jeffrey A. Hubbell I.2.18 Biomimetic Materials .................................. 349 Drew Elizabeth Glaser and Christopher Viney I.2.19 Microparticles and Nanoparticles ...................... 360 Shalu Suri, Gang Ruan, Jessica Winter, Christine E. Schmidt PART TWO Biology and Medicine SECTION II.1 Some Background Concepts II.1.1 Introduction: Biology and Medicine - Key Concepts in the Use of Biomaterials in Surgery and Medical Devices ............................................... 393 Buddy D. Ratner II.1.2 Adsorbed Proteins on Biomaterials ..................... 394 Thomas A. Horbett II.1.3 Cells and Surfaces in vitro ........................... 408 S. Adam Hacking and Ali Khademhosseini II.1.4 Cell Function and Response to Injury .................. 427 Richard N. Mitchell and Frederick J. Schoen II.1.5 Tissues, the Extracellular Matrix, and Cell-Biomaterial Interactions ......................... 452 Frederick J. Schoen and Richard N. Mitchell II.1.6 Effects of Mechanical Forces on Cells and Tissues (The Liquid-Cell Interface) ........................... 474 Daniel E. Conway, Suzanne G. Eskin, and Larry V. Mclntire II.1.7 Stem Cells: Key Concepts .............................. 487 Richard L. Carpenedo and Todd C. McDevitt SECTION II.2 Host Reaction to Biomaterials and Their Evaluation II.2.1 Introduction: Biological Responses to Biomaterials .... 499 Frederick J. Schoen II.2.2 Inflammation, Wound Healing, and the Foreign-Body Response .............................................. 503 James M. Anderson II.2.3 Innate and Adaptive Immunity: The Immune Response to Foreign Materials ..................................... 512 Richard N. Mitchell II.2.4 The Complement System ................................. 533 Richard J. Johnson II.2.5 Systemic Toxicity and Hypersensitivity ................ 545 Arne Hensten and Nils Jacobsen II.2.6 Blood Coagulation and Blood-Materials Interactions .... 551 Stephen R. Hanson and Erik I. Tucker II.2.7 Tumors Associated with Biomaterials and Implants ...... 558 Frederick J. Schoen II.2.8 Biofilms, Biomaterials, and Device-Related Infections ............................................ 565 Paul Stoodley, Luanne Hall-Stoodley, Bill Costerton, Patrick DeMeo, Mark Shirtliff, Ellen Gawalt, and Sandeep Kathju SECTION II.3 Biological Testing of Biomaterials II.3.1 How Well Will It Work? Introduction to Testing Biomaterials .......................................... 587 Buddy D. Ratner II.3.2 The Concept and Assessment of Biocompatibility ........ 588 Buddy D. Ratner and Frederick J. Schoen II.3.3 In Vitro Assessment of Cell and Tissue Compatibility ......................................... 593 Michael F. Wolf, Kelly P. Coleman, and Gregory M. Lewerenz II.3.4 In Vivo Assessment of Tissue Compatibility ............ 609 James M. Anderson and Frederick J. Schoen II.3.5 Evaluation of Blood-Materials Interactions ............ 617 Buddy D. Ratner and Thomas A. Horbett II.3.6 Animal Surgery and Care of Animals .................... 635 David Lee-Parritz II.3.7 Large Animal Models in Cardiac and Vascular Biomaterials Research and Assessment .................. 653 Richard W. Bianco, Karen R. Wasiluk, Jessica M. Voight, Matthew T. Lahti, Andrew L. Rivard, and Robert P. Gallegos II.3.8 Microscopy for Biomaterials Science ................... 677 Kip D. Hauch and Buddy D. Ratner SECTION II.4 Degradation of Materials in the Biological Environment II.4.1 Introduction: The Body Fights Back - Degradation of Materials in the Biological Environment ............... 695 Buddy D. Ratner II.4.2 Chemical and Biochemical Degradation of Polymers Intended to be Biostable .............................. 696 Arthur J. Coury II.4.3 The Biodegradation of Biodegradable Polymeric Biomaterials .......................................... 716 Chien-Chi Lin and Kristi S. Anseth II.4.4 Degradative Effects of the Biological Environment on Metals and Ceramics ................................... 728 David F. Williams and Rachel L. Williams II.4.5 Pathological Calcification of Biomaterials ............ 739 Frederick J. Schoen and Robert J. Levy SECTION II.5 Applications of Biomaterials II.5.1 Introduction: Applications of Biomaterials ............ 757 Frederick J. Schoen and Jack E. Lemons II.5.2 Nonthrombogenic Materials and Strategies: Case Study ................................................. 758 Michael V. Sefton II.5.3 Introduction to Cardiovascular Medical Devices ........ 760 Frederick J. Schoen A. Substitute Heart Valves ............................ 761 Frederick J. Schoen and Robert F. Padera, Jr. B. Endovascular Stents, Vascular Grafts, and Stent Grafts ............................................. 771 Frederick J. Schoen and Robert F. Padera, Jr. C. Other Cardiovascular Devices ....................... 784 Robert F. Padera, Jr. and Frederick J. Schoen D. Implantable Cardiac Assist Devices and lABPs ....... 799 Marc A. Simon, Harvey S. Borovetz, William R. Wagner II.5.4 Artificial Cells ...................................... 811 Thomas Ming Swi Chang II.5.5 Extracorporeal Artificial Organs ...................... 827 Alastair Campbell Ritchie II.5.6 Orthopedic Applications ............................... 841 Nadim James Hallab and Joshua James Jacobs II.5.7 Dental Implantation ................................... 882 Jack E. Lemons and Carl E. Misch II.5.8 Adhesives and Sealants ................................ 889 David Christopher Watts II.5.9 Ophthalmologic Applications: Introduction ............. 905 Roger Steinen and Rakhi Jain A. Biomaterials: Contact Lenses ....................... 909 Jean Jacob B. Intraocular Lens Implants: A Scientific Perspective ........................................ 917 Anil S. Patel C. Corneal Inlays and Onlays .......................... 930 Crystal Cunanan D. Ophthalmologic Applications: Glaucoma Drains and Implants ........................................... 940 Crystal Cunanan E. The Development of a Retinal Prosthesis: A Significant Biomaterials Challenge ............... 946 Mark S. Humayun, Adrian P. Rowley, John J. Whalen III, James D. Weiland, and Armand R. Tanguay, Jr. II.5.10 Bioelectrodes ......................................... 957 Ramakrishna Venugopalan and Ray Ideker II.5.11 Cochlear Prostheses ................................... 967 Francis A. Spelman II.5.12 The Role of Biomaterials in Stimulating Bioelectrodes ......................................... 981 P. Hunter Peckham, D. Michael Ackermann, Jr., and Christa W. Moss II.5.13 Medical Biosensors .................................... 996 Lisa LaFleur and Paul Yager II.5.14 Burn Dressings and Skin Substitutes .................. 1006 Douglas L. Helm, Britlyn D. Orgill, Rei Ogawa, and Dennis P. Orgill II.5.15 Sutures .............................................. 1010 M. Scott Taylor and Shalaby W. Shalaby II.5.16 Drug Delivery Systems ................................ 1024 Allan S. Hoffman, Editor A. Introduction ...................................... 1024 Allan S. Hoffman B. Injected Nanocarriers ............................. 1027 Allan S. Hoffman, Wayne R. Gombotz, and Suzie H. Pun, Editors B.1. Introduction ................................. 1027 Allan S. Hoffman B.2. PEGylation of Drugs and Nanocarriers ......... 1028 Allan S. Hoffman and Suzie H. Pun B.3. Targeting .................................... 1028 Patricks. Stayton, Bilal Ghosn, and John T. Wilson B.4. Polymer-Drug Conjugates ...................... 1036 Suzie H. Pun and Allan S. Hoffman B.5. Liposomes .................................... 1039 Wayne R. Gombotz B.6. Polymeric Micelles ........................... 1041 Wayne R. Gombotz and Allan S. Hoffman B.7. Dendrimers ................................... 1045 Wayne R. Gombotz B.8. Nucleic Acid Delivery ........................ 1047 Suzie H. Pun and Allan S. Hoffman B.9. Polymeric and Albuminated Drug Nanoparticles ................................ 1054 Wayne R. Gombotz C. Injected Depot DDS ................................ 1055 Wayne R. Gombotz and Allan S. Hoffman D. Implants and Inserts .............................. 1062 Lothar W. Kleiner and Jeremy С. Wright E. Smart DDS ......................................... 1071 Allan S. Hoffman F. Transdermal DDS ................................... 1073 Gary Cleary G. Oral Drug Delivery ................................ 1083 Clive G. Wilson II.5.17 Diagnostic Applications of Biomaterials .............. 1087 Gonzalo Domingo, Kenneth R. Hawkins, Roger B. Peck, and Bernhard H. Weigl II.5.18 Medical Applications of Silicones .................... 1106 Jim Curtis and André Colas SECTION II.6 Applications of Biomaterials in Functional Tissue Engineering II.6.1 Introduction: Rebuilding Humans using Biology and Biomaterials ......................................... 1119 Frederick J. Schoen II.6.2 Overview of Tissue Engineering Concepts and Applications ......................................... 1122 Debanjan Sarkar, Weian Zhao, Sebastian Schaefer, James A. Ankrum, Grace S.L. Teo, Maria Nunes Pereira, Lino Ferreira, and Jeffrey M. Karp II.6.3 Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ......................... 1138 Milind Singh, F. Kurtis Kasper, and Antonios G. Mikos II.6.4 Cell Sources for Tissue Engineering: Mesenchymal Stem Cells ........................................... 1159 Arnold I. Caplan II.6.5 Micromechanical Design Criteria for Tissue Engineering Biomaterials ............................. 1165 Kaustabh Ghosh, Charles K. Thodeti and Donald E. Ingber II.6.6 Bioreactors for Tissue Engineering ................... 1178 Nina Tandon, Elisa Cimetta, Sarindr Bhumiratana, Amandine Godier-Furnemont, Robert Maidhof, and Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic II.6.7 Bone Tissue Engineering .............................. 1194 Justin L. Brown, Sangamesh G. Kumbar, and Cato T. Laurencin II.6.8 Cartilage and Ligament Tissue Engineering: Biomaterials, Cellular Interactions, and Regenerative Strategies .............................. 1214 Catherine K. Kuo, Wan-Ju Li, and Rocky S. Tuan II.6.9 Blood Vessel Tissue Engineering ...................... 1237 Stacey С. Schutte and Robert M. Nerem II.6.10 Heart Valve Tissue Engineering ....................... 1246 Frederick J. Schoen and Simon P. Hoerstrup II.6.11 Cardiac Muscle Tissue Engineering .................... 1262 Amandine Godier-Furnemont and Gordana Vunjak- Novakovic II.6.12 Tissue-engineered Skin Substitutes ................... 1276 J.N. Mansbridge II.6.13 Esophageal and Gastrointestinal Tissue Engineering ... 1288 Buddy D. Ratner II.6.14 Neuronal Tissue Engineering .......................... 1291 Ravi V. Bellamkonda, Isaac P. Clements, and Jennifer M. Munson II.6.15 Immunoisolation ...................................... 1306 Roshni S. Rainbow and Michael J. Lysaght II.6.16 Tissue Engineering with Decellularized Tissues ....... 1316 Stephen F. Badylak, Bryan N. Brown, and Thomas W. Gilbert PART THREE Practical Aspects of Biomaterials SECTION III.1 Implants, Devices, and Biomaterials: Special Considerations III.1.1 Introduction: Implants, Devices, and Biomaterials: Special Considerations ............................... 1337 Frederick J. Schoen III.1.2 Sterilization of Implants and Devices ................ 1339 Byron Lambert and Jeffrey Martin III.1.3 Correlation, Materials Properties, Statistics and Biomaterials Science ................................. 1354 Buddy D. Ratner III.1.4 Device Failure Mode Analysis ......................... 1361 Frederick J. Schoen and Allan S. Hoffman III.1.5 Implant Retrieval and Evaluation ..................... 1368 James M. Anderson, Frederick J. Schoen, Stanley A. Brown, and Katharine Merrit SECTION III.2 Voluntary Standards, Regulatory Compliance, and Non-Technical Issues III.2.1 Introduction: Voluntary Standards, Regulatory Compliance, and Other Non-technical Issues ........... 1387 Frederick J. Schoen and Jack E. Lemons III.2.2 Commercialization: What it Takes to get a Product to Market ............................................ 1389 Joshua Tolkoff and Richard Anders III.2.3 Voluntary Consensus Standards ........................ 1399 Jack E. Lemons III.2.4 Regulatory Overview for Medical Products using Biomaterials ......................................... 1405 Elaine Duncan III.2.5 Principles of Reimbursement for Medical Devices ...... 1413 Fred Cahn III.2.6 Corporate Considerations on Biomaterials and Medical Devices: Case Studies in Regulation and Reimbursement ........................................ 1418 Gail D. Baura III.2.7 Ethical Issues in Biomaterials and Medical Devices ... 1425 Taufiek Rajab, Andrew L. Rivard, Karen R. Wasiluk, Robert P. Gallegos, and Richard W. Bianco III.2.8 Legal Aspects of Biomaterials ........................ 1431 Jay P. Mayesh and Angela R. Vicari III.2.9 Clinical Trials for Medical Devices .................. 1443 Gary L. Grunkemeier, Ruyun Jin, Lian Wang, and Albert Starr III.2.10 Entrepreneurship in Biomaterials .................... 1459 Robert Langer, Jason Fuller, and Mark Levin III.2.11 Postmarket Considerations in Biomaterials and Medical Devices ...................................... 1472 David W. Feigal, Jr. Appendices Appendix A: Properties of Biological Fluids .................. 1479 Steven M. Slack Appendix B: Properties of Soft Materials ..................... 1483 M. Cristina L. Martins Appendix C: Chemical Compositions of Metals Used for Implants ......................................... 1485 Jack E. Lemons Appendix D: The Biomaterials Literature ...................... 1486 Buddy D. Ratner Index ........................................................ 1489