List of contributors ........................................... ix
Foreword ....................................................... xi
Preface ...................................................... xiii
About the companion website .................................... xv
Chapter 1 Necropsy of the mouse ................................ 1
Lorna Rasmussen and Elizabeth Mclnnes
1.1 Recording of findings ...................................... 2
1.2 Bleeding technique ......................................... 3
1.3 Perfusion .................................................. 3
1.4 External examination ....................................... 4
1.5 Weighing of organs ......................................... 6
1.6 Positioning of mouse for necropsy and removing the skin .... 6
1.7 Opening the abdominal cavity and exposing organs ........... 9
1.8 Removing the ribcage to expose lungs and heart ............ 17
1.9 Removing the brain and spinal cord ........................ 20
1.10 Collecting and fixing tissue samples ...................... 22
References ................................................ 22
Chapter 2 Practical approaches to reviewing and recording
pathology data ................................................. 25
Cheryl L. Scudamore
2.1 Sample selection and trimming patterns .................... 26
2.2 Controls .................................................. 28
2.3 Standardizing terminology ................................. 28
2.4 Microscopic terminology ................................... 30
2.5 Recording pathology data .................................. 33
2.6 Quantitative versus semiquantitative analysis ............. 35
2.7 Semiquantitative techniques ............................... 37
2.8 Quantitative techniques ................................... 38
References ................................................ 40
Chapter 3 Gastrointestinal system ............................ 43
Cheryl L. Scudamore
3.1 Background and development ................................ 43
3.2 Oral cavity ............................................... 43
3.3 Salivary glands ........................................... 46
3.4 Stomach and intestines .................................... 48
3.5 Liver ..................................................... 56
3.6 Pancreas .................................................. 59
References ................................................ 61
Chapter 4 Cardiovascular system .............................. 63
Cheryl L. Scudamore
4.1 Background and development ................................ 63
4.2 Sampling techniques and morphometry ....................... 63
4.3 Artefacts ................................................. 65
4.4 Anatomy and histology of the heart ........................ 67
4.5 Anatomy and histology of the blood vessels ................ 69
References ................................................ 72
Chapter 5 Urinary system ..................................... 75
Elizabeth Mclnnes
5.1 Background and development ................................ 75
5.2 Sampling techniques ....................................... 76
5.3 Artefacts ................................................. 76
5.4 Background lesions ........................................ 77
5.5 Anatomy and histology ..................................... 79
References ................................................ 85
Chapter 6 Reproductive system ................................. 87
Cheryl L. Scudamore
6.1 Background and development of the male and female
reproductive tract ........................................ 87
6.2 Female reproductive tract ................................. 88
6.3 Male reproductive tract ................................... 97
References ............................................... 105
Chapter 7 Endocrine system ................................... 109
Ian Taylor
7.1 Introduction ............................................. 109
7.2 Adrenals ................................................. 109
7.3 Pituitary ................................................ 114
7.4 Thyroids and parathyroids ................................ 117
References ............................................... 121
Chapter 8 Nervous system ..................................... 123
Aude Roulois
8.1 Introduction ............................................. 123
8.2 Necropsy ................................................. 123
8.3 Fixation/perfusion ....................................... 126
8.4 Trimming ................................................. 131
8.5 Special stains and techniques ............................ 133
8.6 Microscopic examination .................................. 137
8.7 Normal histology-juvenile - CNS and PNS .................. 137
8.8 Artefacts - CNS and PNS .................................. 141
8.9 Pathological changes and background pathology - CNS and
PNS ...................................................... 142
8.10 Acknowledgment ........................................... 146
References ............................................... 146
Useful website resources ................................. 148
Chapter 9 Lymphoid and haematopoietic system ................. 149
Ian Taylor
9.1 Introduction ............................................. 149
9.2 Lymph nodes .............................................. 150
9.3 Spleen ................................................... 156
9.4 MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) ................. 160
9.5 Thymus ................................................... 161
9.6 Bone marrow .............................................. 164
References ............................................... 166
Chapter 10 Integument and adipose tissue ...................... 169
Cheryl L. Scudamore
10.1 Background and development ............................... 169
10.2 Sampling technique ....................................... 170
10.3 Anatomy and histology .................................... 171
References ............................................... 177
Chapter 11 The respiratory system ............................. 179
Elizabeth Mclnnes
11.1 Background and development ............................... 179
11.2 Embryology ............................................... 179
11.3 Anatomy and histology of the respiratory system .......... 180
11.4 Upper respiratory tract .................................. 180
11.5 Lower respiratory tract .................................. 189
References ............................................... 193
Chapter 12 Special senses ..................................... 195
Cheryl L. Scudamore
12.1 Background and development ............................... 195
12.2 Sampling technique for the eye ........................... 195
12.3 Artefacts ................................................ 197
12.4 Anatomy and histology of the eye and associated glands ... 199
12.5 Background and development of the ear .................... 204
12.6 Sampling technique for the ear and associated
structures ............................................... 205
12.7 Anatomy and histology of the ear and associated glands ... 206
References ............................................... 209
Chapter 13 Musculoskeletal system ............................. 211
Cheryl L. Scudamore
13.1 Background and development ............................... 211
13.2 Sampling techniques ...................................... 211
13.3 Anatomy and histology .................................... 212
References ............................................... 218
Index ........................................................ 221
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