Preface ......................................................... v
Contributors ................................................... xi
1 The Phytoplasmas: An Introduction ............................ 1
Matt Dickinson, Melanie Tuffen, and Jennifer Hodgetts
2 Techniques for the Maintenance and Propagation of
Phytoplasmas in Glasshouse Collections of Catharanthus
roseus ...................................................... 15
Jennifer Hodgetts, David Crossley, and Matt Dickinson
3 Micropropagation and Maintenance of Phytoplasmas in Tissue
Culture ..................................................... 33
Assunta Bertaccini, Samanta Paltrinieri, Marta Martini,
Mara Tedeschi, and Nicoletta Contaldo
4 Dodder Transmission of Phytoplasmas ......................... 41
Jaroslava Pribylovd and Josef Spak
5 Insect Maintenance and Transmission ......................... 47
Heather Kingdom
6 Capturing Insect Vectors of Phytoplasmas .................... 61
Phyllis Weintraub and Jürgen Gross
7 Insect Vector Transmission Assays ........................... 73
Domenico Bosco and Rosemarie Tedeschi
8 Molecular Identification of Phytoplasma Vector Species ...... 87
Sabrina Bertin and Domenico Bosco
9 Dienes'Staining and Light Microscopy for Phytoplasma
Visualization .............................................. 109
Rita Musetti
10 DAPI Staining and Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques for
Phytoplasmas ............................................... 115
Nancy M. Andrade and Nolberto L. Arismendi
11 Visualization of Phytoplasmas Using Electron Microscopy .... 123
B. Jean Devonshire
12 Automated DNA Extraction for Large Numbers of Plant
Samples .................................................... 139
Nataša Mehle, Petra Nikolić, Matevž Rupar, Jana Boben,
Maja Ravnikar, and Marina Dermastia
13 DNA Extraction from Arborescent Monocots and How to Deal
with Other Challenging Hosts ............................... 147
Nigel A. Harrison, Robert E. Davis, and Ericka E. Helmick
14 Nested PCR and RPLP Analysis Based on the 16S rRNA Gene .... 159
Bojan Duduk, Samanta Paltrinieri, Ing-Ming Lee, and
Assunta Bertaccini
15 PCR and RFLP Analyses Based on the Ribosomal Protein
Operon ..................................................... 173
Marta Martini and Ing-Ming Lee
16 Tuf and secY VCR Amplification and Genotyping of
Phytoplasmas ............................................... 189
Xavier Foissac, Jean-Luc Danet, Sylvie Malembic-Maher,
Pascal Salar, Dana Šafářová, Pavla Válová, and Milan
Navrátil
17 PCR Analysis of Phytoplasmas Based on the secA Gene ........ 205
Matt Dickinson and Jennifer Hodgetts
18 Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism Analysis for
Differentiating Phytoplasma Strains ........................ 217
Martina Šеruga Musić and Dijana Škorić
19 Microarrays for Universal Detection and Identification of
Phytoplasmas ............................................... 223
Mogens Nicolaisen, Henrietta Nyskjold, and Assunta
Bertaccini
20 T-RFLP for Detection and Identification of Phytoplasmas
in Plants .................................................. 233
Jennifer Hodgetts and Matt Dickinson
21 Real-Time PCR for Universal Phytoplasma Detection and
Quantification ............................................. 245
Nynne Meyn Christensen, Henriette Nyskjold, and Mogens
Nicolaisen
22 A Real-Time PCR Detection System for the Bois Noir and
Flavescence Dorée Phytoplasmas and Quantification of the
Target DNA ................................................. 253
Nataša Mehle, Nina Prezelj, Matjaž Hren, Jana Boben,
Kristina Gruden, Maja Ravnikar, and Marina Dermastia
23 Real-Time PCR for Specific Detection of Three
Phytoplasmas from the Apple Proliferation Group ............ 269
Nataša Mehle, Petra Nikolić, Kristina Gruden, Maja
Ravnikar, and Marina Dermastia
24 Reverse Transcription-PCR for Phytoplasma Detection
Utilizing Crude Sap Extractions ............................ 283
Paolo Margaria and Sabrina Palmano
25 In-Field Diagnostics Using Loop-Mediated Isothermal
Amplification .............................................. 291
Jenny Tomlinson
26 DNA Bar-Coding for Phytoplasma Identification .............. 301
Olga Makarova, Nicoletta Contaldo, Samanta Paltrinieri,
Assunta Bertaccini, Henriette Nyskjold, and Mogens
Nicolaisen
27 Phylogenetic Analyses of Phytoplasmas Based on Whole-
Genome Comparison .......................................... 319
Hiromi Nishida
28 The i'PhyClassifier, an Interactive Online Tool for
Phytoplasma Classification and Taxonomic Assignment ........ 329
Yan Zhao, Wei Wei, Ing-Ming Lee, Jonathan Shao, Xiaobing
Suo, and Robert E. Davis
29 Phytoplasma Proteomic Analysis ............................. 339
Xianling Ji and Yingping Gai
30 Preparation of Phytoplasma Membrane Recombinant Proteins ... 351
Luciana Galetto, Majid Siampour, and Cristina Marzachi
31 Phytoplasma Plasmid DNA Extraction ......................... 371
Mark T. Andersen and Lia W. Liefting
32 Cesium Chloride-Bisbenzimide Gradients for Separation of
Phytoplasma and Plant DNA .................................. 381
Lucy T.T. Tran-Nguyen and Bernd Schneider
33 Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis for Isolation of Full-
Length Phytoplasma Chromosomes from Plants ................. 395
Carmine Marcone
34 Mapping the Phytoplasma Chromosome ......................... 405
Sylvie Malembic-Maher and Patricia Carle
Index ......................................................... 417
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