Systematics, evolution, and biogeography of compositae / ed. by V.A.Funk, A.Susanna, T.F.Stuessy, R.J.Bayer. - Vienna: International Association for Plant Taxonomy, 2009. - xxxiv, 965 p.: ill. (some col.). - Bibliogr.: p.821-862, 875-940. - Taxon ind.: p.941-965. - ISBN 978-3-9501754-3-1  Место хранения:   030 | Центральный Сибирский ботанический сад СО РАН | Новосибирск | Библиотека

Оглавление / Contents

Foreword Peter H. Raven ................................................ xxi Preface ..................................................... xxiii Acknowledgements ............................................ xxvii Authors and addresses ........................................ xxix Section I Introduction 1 A history of research in Compositae: early beginnings to the Reading Meeting (1975) ................................ 3 J. Mauricio Bonifacino, Harold Robinson, Vicki A. Funk, Hans Walter Lack, Gerhard Wagenitz, Christian Feuillet and D.J. Nicholas Hind Introduction ................................................. 3 Pre-Tournefort era ........................................... 3 Joseph Pitton de Tournefort (1656-1708) ...................... 5 Sebastien Vaillant (1669-1722) ............................... 6 Johannes Le Francq van Berkhey (1729-1812) ................... 7 Alexandre-Henri-Gabriel de Cassini (1781-1832) ............... 9 Christian Friedrich Lessing (1809-1862) ..................... 14 Carl (Karl) Heinrich Schultz Bipontinus (1805-1867) ......... 17 George Bentham (1800-1884) .................................. 19 Karl August Hoffmann (1853-1909) ............................ 22 Benjamin Lincoln Robinson (1864-1935) ....................... 22 James Small (1889-1955) ..................................... 25 Sidney Fay Blake (1892-1959) ................................ 26 Hermann Merxmüller (1920-1988) .............................. 27 José Cuatrecasas Arumí (1903-1996) .......................... 29 Ángel Lulio Cabrera (1908-1999) ............................. 31 Arthur Cronquist (1919-1992) ................................ 33 The late 20th and early 21st century ......................... 34 2 The recent history of Compositae systematics: from daisies to deep achenes, sister groups and metatrees ................ 39 Vernon H. Heywood Introduction ................................................ 39 The situation in 1975 ....................................... 39 Recent milestones in Compositae classification and phylogeny ................................................... 40 Revolutions in taxonomy and systematics ..................... 41 So where are we now? ........................................ 42 Looking to the future ....................................... 43 3 Economic importance of Compositae ........................... 45 Beryl B. Simpson Introduction ................................................ 45 Edible crops ................................................ 45 Non-food crops .............................................. 53 Conclusions ................................................. 57 Section II: Character evolution at the family level 4 A review of chromosome numbers in Asteraceae with hypotheses on chromosomal base number evolution ............. 61 John C. Semple and Kuniaki Watanabe Introduction ................................................ 61 Materials and methods ....................................... 62 Results and discussion ...................................... 62 5 Secondary chemistry of Compositae ........................... 73 Lalita M. Calabria, Vicente P. Emerenciano, Marcus T. Scotti and Tom J. Mabry Introduction ................................................ 73 Materials and methods ....................................... 75 Results and discussion ...................................... 76 Conclusions ................................................. 86 6 An introduction to micro-characters of Compositae ........... 89 Harold Robinson Introduction ................................................ 89 A survey of some characters ................................. 90 Examples of micro-character application ..................... 99 Some axioms regarding the use of micro-characters ........... 99 7 Evolution of pollen in Compositae .......................... 101 Stephen Blackmore, Alexandra H. Wortley, John J. Skvarla and Harold Robinson Introduction ............................................... 101 Materials and methods ...................................... 103 Results .................................................... 106 Evolution of pollen morphology based on the Compositae supertree ............................................... 106 Evolution of pollen morphology in exemplar tribes ....... 112 Discussion ................................................. 115 Conclusions ................................................ 118 Appendix 7.1. Characters examined .......................... 121 Appendix 7.2. Matrix of pollen morphological characters for supertree taxa, using tribes as terminals .................................... 123 Appendix 7.3. Pollen descriptions for tribes of Compositae ................................... 126 8 Evolution of Compositae flowers ............................ 131 Charles Jeffrey Introduction ............................................... 131 Capitulum .................................................. 131 Receptacle ................................................. 132 Achenes .................................................... 132 Anthers .................................................... 133 Breeding system ............................................ 133 Florets .................................................... 133 Pollination ................................................ 134 Neoteny and evolution of the capitulum ..................... 134 Secondary pollen presentation .............................. 135 Dispersal, germination and establishment ................... 135 Summary and conclusion ..................................... 135 9 Genetic diversity in Asteraceae endemic to oceanic islands: Baker's Law and polyploidy ........................ 139 Daniel J. Crawford, Timothy K. Lowrey, Gregory J. Anderson, Gabriel Bemardello, Arnoldo Santos-Guerra and Tod F. Stuessy Introduction ............................................... 139 Breeding system of colonizers ........................... 139 Polyploid colonizers .................................... 141 Materials and methods ...................................... 141 Selection of archipelagos and plants .................... 141 Chromosome numbers and polyploidy ....................... 141 Breeding systems ........................................ 142 Results and discussion ..................................... 142 Chromosome numbers and polyploidy in endemic island lineages ................................................ 142 The significance of polyploid colonizers in the evolution of insular lineages ........................... 142 Sporophytic self-incompatibility and pseudo-self- fertility: general considerations ....................... 145 Breeding systems in colonizers of oceanic archipelagos ............................................ 146 Summary and conclusions .................................... 147 Section III: Phylogeny, classification, and biogeography of the tribes Part 1: Asterales 10 Asteraceae and relationships within Asterales .............. 157 Johannes Lundberg The search for the sister of Asteraceae .................... 157 Plesiomorphic Asteraceae ................................... 157 Calyceraceae and Asteraceae ................................ 161 Goodeniaceae, Calyceraceae and Asteraceae .................. 161 The MGCA clade: Menyanthaceae, Goodeniaceae, Calyceraceae and Asteraceae ............................................. 161 The Core Asterales clade: MGCA, Stylidiaceae and АРА ....... 164 Stylidiaceae ............................................... 164 The АРА clade: Alseuosmiaceae, Phellinaceae and Argophyllaceae ............................................. 165 Pentaphragmataceae ......................................... 165 The basal division: Campanulaceae and Rousseaceae .......... 166 11 Classification of Compositae ............................... 171 Vicki A. Funk, Alfonso Susanna, Tod F. Stuessy and Harold Robinson Introduction ............................................... 171 Compositae Giseke (1792) [Asteraceae Martynov (1820)J ...... 173 Family description ...................................... 173 Current classification .................................. 176 Part 2: Basal clades 12 The basal grade of Compositae: Mutisieae (sensu Cabrera) and Carduoideae ............................................ 193 Santiago Ortiz, J. Mauricio Bonifacino, Jorge V. Crisci, Vicki A. Funk, Hans V. Hansen, D.J. Nicholas Hind, Liliana Katinas, N&ádia Roque, Gisela Sancho, Alfonso Susanna and Maria Cristina Tellcria Introduction ............................................... 193 Mutisieae (sensu Cabrera 1977) ............................. 194 Orphan Clades .............................................. 195 Catamixis incertae sedis ................................... 208 Subfamily Carduoideae Cass, ex Sweet (1826) ................ 210 Conclusion ................................................. 212 13 Barnadesieae (Barnadesioideae) ............................. 215 Tod F. Stuessy, Estrella Urtubey and Michael Gruenstaeudl Introduction ............................................... 215 Historical overview ........................................ 216 Description of subfamily ................................... 216 Morphology and anatomy .................................. 217 Pollen .................................................. 221 Chromosome numbers ...................................... 222 Chemistry ............................................... 222 Phylogenetic relationships ................................. 222 Biogeography ............................................... 223 Evolution .................................................. 225 Economic uses .............................................. 226 14 Mutisieae sensu stricto (Mutisioideae sensu stricto) ....... 229 Liliana Katinas, Gisela Sancho, María Cristina Tellería and Jorge V. Crisci Introduction ............................................... 229 Historical overview ........................................ 230 Systematics ................................................ 236 Morphology ................................................. 238 Floral biology and pollination ............................. 242 Biogeography ............................................... 243 Adaptation to dry environments ............................. 243 Fossil pollen and early evolution .......................... 244 15 Gochnatieae (Gochnatioideae) and Hyalideae (Wunderlichioideae p.p.) ................................... 249 Gisela Sancho and Susana E. Freire Historical overview ........................................ 249 Phylogeny .................................................. 249 Tribe Gochnatieae .......................................... 250 Taxonomy and biogeography ............................... 250 Morphology .............................................. 252 Pollen .................................................. 256 Chromosome number ....................................... 256 Chemistry ............................................... 256 Floral biology .......................................... 256 Economic uses ........................................... 256 Tribe Hyalideae ............................................ 256 Taxonomy and biogeography ............................... 256 Morphology .............................................. 257 Pollen .................................................. 258 Chromosome number ....................................... 258 Chemistry ............................................... 258 Discussion and conclusion .................................. 258 16 Hecastocleideae (Hecastocleidoideae) ....................... 261 Vicki A. Funk and D.J. Nicholas Hind Historical overview and morphology ......................... 261 Phylogeny .................................................. 261 Taxonomy ................................................... 261 Pollen ..................................................... 263 Chromosome number .......................................... 264 Chemistry .................................................. 264 Biogeography ............................................... 264 Biology, ecology, ethnobotany .............................. 264 17 Dicomeae (Carduoideae) ..................................... 267 Santiago Ortiz, Rodrigo Carbajal, Miguel Serrano and Antonio X.P. Coutinho Historical overview ........................................ 267 Phylogeny .................................................. 268 Taxonomy ................................................... 269 Morphology ................................................. 274 Pollen ..................................................... 274 Chromosome numbers ......................................... 276 Chemistry .................................................. 276 Ecology .................................................... 276 Biogeography ............................................... 276 Evolution .................................................. 276 Ethnobotany ................................................ 277 18 Tarchonantheae (Carduoideae) ............................... 279 Santiago Ortiz Historical overview ........................................ 279 Phylogeny .................................................. 279 Taxonomy ................................................... 280 Morphology ................................................. 283 Pollen ..................................................... 283 Chromosome numbers ......................................... 283 Chemistry .................................................. 283 Ecology .................................................... 283 Biogeography ............................................... 283 Ethnobotany ................................................ 284 19 Oldenburgieae (Carduoideae) ................................ 287 Santiago Ortiz Historical overview ........................................ 287 Phylogeny .................................................. 287 Taxonomy ................................................... 288 Morphology ................................................. 288 Pollen ..................................................... 290 Chromosome numbers ......................................... 290 Chemistry .................................................. 290 Ecology .................................................... 290 Biogeography ............................................... 290 20 Cardueae (Carduoideae) ..................................... 293 Alfonso Susanna and Núria Garcia-Jacas Historical overview ........................................ 293 Phylogeny .................................................. 294 Taxonomy ................................................... 294 Subtribal classification ................................... 296 Chemistry .................................................. 309 Biogeography ............................................... 309 Origin and age ............................................. 311 Economic uses .............................................. 311 21 Pertyeae (Pertyoideae) ..................................... 315 Susana E. Freire Historical overview ........................................ 315 Phylogeny .................................................. 315 Taxonomy ................................................... 315 Morphology and anatomy ..................................... 316 Pollen ..................................................... 321 Chromosome numbers ......................................... 321 Hybridization .............................................. 321 Ecology and floral biology ................................. 321 Biogeography and evolution ................................. 321 Ethnobotany ................................................ 324 Appendix 21.1. List of the taxa of Pertyeae and their distribution ............................................... 325 22 Gymnarrheneae (Gymnarrhenoideae) ........................... 327 Vicki A. Funk and Ori Fragman-Sapir Introduction ............................................... 327 Historical overview ........................................ 327 Phylogeny .................................................. 327 Taxonomy ................................................... 329 Morphology ................................................. 329 Anatomy .................................................... 329 Pollen ..................................................... 329 Chromosome numbers ......................................... 330 Chemistry .................................................. 330 Ecology and reproductive biology ........................... 330 Applied aspects ............................................ 331 Part 3: Cichorioideae and Corymbioideae 23 Introduction to Cichorioideae .............................. 335 Vicki A. Funk and Raymund Chan Introduction ............................................... 335 Molecular phylogenetic analysis ............................ 336 Phylogeny .................................................. 337 Taxonomy ................................................... 339 Chromosome numbers ......................................... 340 Chemistry .................................................. 340 Biogeography ............................................... 340 Placement of problematic genera ............................ 340 24 Cichorieae ................................................. 343 Norbert Kilian, Birgit Gemeinholzer and Hans Walter Lack Introduction ............................................... 343 Historical overview ........................................ 343 Phylogeny .................................................. 346 Taxonomy ................................................... 354 Morphology and anatomy ..................................... 355 Chromosome numbers ......................................... 367 Chemistry .................................................. 368 Biogeography ............................................... 368 Evolution .................................................. 372 Economic uses .............................................. 373 Appendix 24.1. Subtribal classification of Cichorieae ...... 380 25 Arctotideae ................................................ 385 Per Ola Karis, Vicki A. Funk, Robert J. McKenzie, Nigel P. Barker and Raymund Chan Historical overview ........................................ 385 Phylogeny .................................................. 386 Subtribal treatments ....................................... 388 Arctotidinae ............................................... 388 Taxonomy ................................................ 388 Morphology .............................................. 388 Pollen .................................................. 393 Chromosome numbers ...................................... 393 Chemistry ............................................... 394 Ecology ................................................. 394 Biogeography ............................................ 394 Economic uses ........................................... 395 Invasives ............................................... 395 Gorteriinae ............................................. 395 Taxonomy ................................................ 395 Morphology .............................................. 397 Pollen .................................................. 401 Chromosome numbers ...................................... 403 Chemistry ............................................... 405 Ecology ................................................. 405 Biogeography ............................................ 406 Economic uses ........................................... 406 Invasives ............................................... 406 Character evolution ........................................ 407 Conclusion ................................................. 408 26 Eremothamneae .............................................. 411 Harold Robinson and Vicki A. Funk Historical overview and morphology ......................... 411 Phylogeny .................................................. 415 Taxonomy ................................................... 415 Pollen ..................................................... 416 Biogeography ............................................... 416 Chromosome numbers, chemistry, biology, ecology, ethnobotany ................................................ 416 27 Liabeae .................................................... 417 Michael O. Dillon, Vicki A. Funk, Harold Robinson and Raymund Chan Historical overview ........................................ 417 Distribution and diversity ................................. 418 Phylogeny and systetnatics ................................. 422 Morphology and anatomy ..................................... 425 Pollen ..................................................... 428 Chromosome numbers ......................................... 431 Biogeography ............................................... 433 Evolution .................................................. 434 Conclusions ................................................ 434 Appendix 27.1. Description of subtribe Sinclairiinae ....... 437 28 Vernonieae ................................................. 439 Sterling C. Keeley and Harold Robinson Historical overview ........................................ 439 Phylogeny .................................................. 440 Taxonomy ................................................... 447 Morphology and anatomy ..................................... 452 Pollen ..................................................... 454 Chromosome numbers ......................................... 454 Chemistry .................................................. 456 Ecology .................................................... 456 Biogeography ............................................... 457 Evolution .................................................. 459 Weeds ...................................................... 459 Ethnobotanical and medicinal uses .......................... 460 Economic uses .............................................. 461 29 Platycarpheae .............................................. 471 Vicki A. Funk, Marinda Koekemoer, Harold Robinson and John J. Skvarla Historical overview ........................................ 471 Phylogeny .................................................. 471 Taxonomy ................................................... 471 Morphology ................................................. 473 Pollen ..................................................... 473 Chromosome numbers ......................................... 475 Chemistry .................................................. 475 Biogeography ............................................... 475 Biology and ecology ........................................ 475 Ethnobotany ................................................ 475 30 Moquinieae ................................................. 477 Harold Robinson Historical overview ........................................ 477 Phylogeny .................................................. 477 Taxonomy ................................................... 477 Pollen ..................................................... 479 Chemistry .................................................. 480 Biogeography ............................................... 481 31 Heterolepis: an unplaced genus ............................. 483 Vicki A. Funk and Per Ola Karis Historical overview and morphology ......................... 483 Phylogeny .................................................. 484 Taxonomy ................................................... 484 Pollen ..................................................... 484 Chromosome numbers ......................................... 484 Chemistry .................................................. 484 Biogeography ............................................... 484 Ecology, conservation, horticulture ........................ 485 32 Corymbieae ................................................. 487 Bertil Nordenstam and Vicki A. Funk Historical overview and tribal relationships ............... 487 Taxonomy ................................................... 487 Pollen ..................................................... 488 Chromosome numbers ......................................... 488 Chemistry .................................................. 490 Biogeography ............................................... 490 Biology .................................................... 490 Part 4: Asteroideae 33 Introduction to Asteroideae ................................ 495 Pieter B. Pelser and Linda E. Watson Introduction ............................................... 495 The delimitation of Asteroideae and its phylogenetic position ................................................... 495 Tribal delimitation ........................................ 496 Tribal phylogeny ........................................... 497 Biogeography and age ....................................... 498 Chromosome numbers ......................................... 500 Chemistry .................................................. 500 34 Senecioneae ................................................ 503 Bertil Nordenstam, Pieter B. Pelser, Joachim W. Kadereit and Linda E. Watson Historical overview ........................................ 503 Phylogeny .................................................. 508 Taxonomy ................................................... 513 Morphology ................................................. 515 Pollen ..................................................... 517 Chromosome numbers ......................................... 517 Chemistry .................................................. 517 Biogeography ............................................... 518 Evolution .................................................. 521 Economic uses .............................................. 521 Conclusion ................................................. 521 35 Calenduleae ................................................ 527 Bertil Nordenstam and Mari Källersjö Historical overview ........................................ 527 Phylogeny .................................................. 528 Taxonomy ................................................... 529 Morphology ................................................. 530 Pollen ..................................................... 535 Chromosome numbers ......................................... 535 Chemistry .................................................. 535 Biogeography ............................................... 535 Evolution .................................................. 536 Economic uses .............................................. 536 Conclusions ................................................ 537 36 Gnaphalieae ................................................ 539 Josephine Ward, Randall J. Bayer, Use Breitwieser, Rob Smissen, Mercè Galbany-Casals and Matthew Unwin Introduction ............................................... 539 Historical overview ........................................ 539 Phylogeny .................................................. 540 Taxonomy ................................................... 548 Infratribal classification ................................. 551 Morphology and anatomy ..................................... 576 Pollen ..................................................... 577 Chromosome numbers ......................................... 578 Chemistry .................................................. 579 Ectomycorrhizal associations ............................... 579 Biogeography ............................................... 580 Hybridization .............................................. 580 Horticulture ............................................... 580 Invasiveness ............................................... 581 Conservation/endangered species ............................ 581 Ethnobotany ................................................ 581 Conclusions ................................................ 581 Appendix 36.1. Nomenclatural changes made since Bayer et al. (2007) .................................. 588 37 Astereae ................................................... 589 Luc Brouillet, Timothy K. Lowrey, Lowell Urbatsch, Vesna Karaman-Castro, Gisela Sancho, Steve Wagstaff and John C. Semple Introduction ............................................... 589 Materials and methods ...................................... 590 Results .................................................... 590 Phylogenetic lineages ...................................... 591 Classification ............................................. 611 Morphology, anatomy, palynology ............................ 613 Chromosome numbers ......................................... 614 Chemistry .................................................. 614 Biology and evolution ...................................... 615 Biogeography ............................................... 617 Economic uses .............................................. 619 Conclusion ................................................. 620 38 Anthemideae ................................................ 631 Christoph Oberprieler, Sven Himmelreich, Mari Kälkrsjö, Joan Vallès, Linda E. Watson and Robert Vogt Historical overview ........................................ 631 Phytogeny .................................................. 633 Subtribal taxonomy ......................................... 637 Morphology ................................................. 648 Anatomy .................................................... 653 Pollen ..................................................... 654 Embryology ................................................. 655 Chromosome numbers ......................................... 655 Chemistry .................................................. 658 Biogeography ............................................... 659 Evolution .................................................. 661 Economic uses .............................................. 662 39 Inuleae .................................................... 667 Arne A. Anderberg Historical overview ........................................ 667 Phylogeny .................................................. 669 Taxonomy ................................................... 670 Morphology and anatomy ..................................... 671 Pollen ..................................................... 678 Chromosome numbers ......................................... 678 Chemistry .................................................. 678 Dispersal .................................................. 678 Biogeography ............................................... 678 Economic uses .............................................. 679 Conclusion ................................................. 679 40 Athroismeae ................................................ 681 Arne A. Anderberg Historical overview ........................................ 681 Phylogeny .................................................. 684 Taxonomy ................................................... 685 Morphology ................................................. 685 Pollen ..................................................... 686 Chromosome numbers ......................................... 686 Chemistry .................................................. 686 Dispersal .................................................. 686 Biogeography ............................................... 687 Economic uses .............................................. 687 41 Heliantheae alliance ....................................... 689 Bruce G. Baldwin Historical overview ........................................ 689 Reconsideration of Helenieae ............................... 691 Homoplasy and taxonomic rethinking of epaleate clades ...... 695 The closest relatives of Eupatorieae ....................... 702 Phylogenetic and tribal reassessment of paleate lineages ... 703 Evolution .................................................. 705 Biogeography ............................................... 707 Conclusions ................................................ 707 42 Coreopsideae ............................................... 713 Daniel J. Crawford, Mesfin Tadesse, Mark E. Mort, Rebecca T. Kimball and Christopher P. Randle Historical overview and phylogeny .......................... 713 Taxonomy ................................................... 720 Anatomy .................................................... 725 Pollen ..................................................... 725 Chromosome numbers ......................................... 725 Chemistry .................................................. 727 Economic uses .............................................. 727 43 Eupatorieae ................................................ 731 Harold Robinson, Edward Schilling and José L. Panero Introduction ............................................... 731 Phylogeny .................................................. 731 Subtribal classification ................................... 735 Evolution .................................................. 743 Conclusion ................................................. 744 Section IV: Conclusion 44 Compositae metatrees: the next generation .................. 747 Vicki A. Funk, Arne A. Anderberg, Bruce G. Baldwin, Randall J. Bayer, J. Mauricio Bonifacino, Ilse Breitwieser, Luc Brouillet, Rodrigo Carbajal, Raymund Chan, Antonio X.P. Coutinho, Daniel J. Crawford, Jorge V. Crisci, Michael O. Dillon, Susana E. Freire, Mercè Galbany-Casals, Núria Garcia-Jacas, Birgit Gemeinholzer, Michael Gruenstaeudl, Hans V. Hansen, Sven Himmelreich, Joachim W. Kadereit, Mari Källersjö, Vesna Karaman-Castro, Per Ola Karis, Liliana Katinas, Sterling C. Keeley, Norbert Kilian, Rebecca T. Kimball, Timothy K. Lowrey, Johannes Lundberg, Robert J. McKenzie, Mesfin Tadesse, Mark E. Mort, Bertil Nordenstam, Christoph Oberprieler, Santiago Ortiz, Pieter B. Pelser, Christopher P. Randle, Harold Robinson, Nádia Roque, Gisela Sancho, John C. Semple, Miguel Serrano, Tod F. Stuessy, Alfonso Susanna, Matthew Unwin, Lowell Urbatsch, Estrella Urtubey, Joan Vallès, Robert Vogt, Steve Wagstaff, Josephine Ward and Linda E. Watson Introduction ............................................... 747 Materials and methods ...................................... 748 Construction of the metatree ............................ 748 Sources of the trees .................................... 749 Outgroups ............................................... 749 Compositae .............................................. 749 Area optimization analysis using parsimony .............. 754 Results and discussion ..................................... 755 The metatree and its sections ........................... 755 Odd genera .............................................. 767 Age of origin ........................................... 768 Conclusions ................................................ 770 Section V: Appendices A Illustrated glossary of Compositae Nádia Roque, David J. Keil and Alfonso Susanna ............. 781 В Bibliography of pollen literature in Compositae Alexandra H. Wortley, Stephen Blackmore and John J. Skvarla ................................................. 807 Introduction ............................................... 807 Taxonomic listing of supertree genera with references ...... 809 Alphabetical bibliography .................................. 821 List of generic "synonyms" ................................. 863 С Original figure legends for plates in Chapter 1 ............ 869 D New names and combinations ................................. 873 E Complete list of literature cited .......................... 875 Taxon index ................................................... 941