Oxidative stress and neurodegenerative disorders / ed. by G.A.Qureshi, S.H.Parvez. - Amsterdam; London: Elsevier, 2007. - xxii, 772 p.: ill. (some col.). - ISBN-10 0-444-52809-1; ISBN-13 978-0-444-52809-4  Место хранения:   056 | Институт химической биологии и фундаментальной медицины CO РАН | Новосибирск| Библиотека

Оглавление / Contents

Preface ......................................................... v Contributors ................................................. xvii Chapter I Advances in our Understanding of Neurodegeneration .............. i Kurt A. Jellinger Introduction ................................................. 1 Basic processes common to neurodegeneration .................. 1 Neuronal death - the final pathway .......................... 36 Challenges of apoptosis in neurodegeneration ................ 38 Conclusion .................................................. 42 References .................................................. 43 Chapter 2 Mitochondrial Mutagenesis in the Brain in Forensic and Pathological Research .......................................... 59 Nicole von Wurmb-Schwark Introduction ................................................ 59 Mitochondrial DNA damage and repair ......................... 60 mtDNA maintenance ........................................... 70 mtDNA mutagenesis in the brain .............................. 73 References .................................................. 79 Chapter 3 Genetic and Environmental Factors in Neurodegenerative Diseases ....................................................... 89 Fabio Coppedè and Lucia Migliore Causative genes in neurodegeneration ........................ 89 Environmental factors and neurodegeneration ................. 92 Susceptibility genes in neurodegeneration ................... 96 Oxidative stress ............................................ 98 Apoptosis .................................................. 103 Aging ...................................................... 105 Conclusions ................................................ 106 References ................................................. 107 Chapter 4 Nitric Oxide and Cellular Stress Response in Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders ................................... 115 Vittorio Calabrese, Cesare Mancuso, Carlo De Marco, Anna Maria Giuffrida Stella, and D. Allan Butterfield Introduction ............................................... 115 Nitric oxide ............................................... 116 Heme oxygenase ............................................. 120 Conclusions and perspectives ............................... 127 Acknowledgments ............................................ 128 References ................................................. 128 Chapter 5 Oxidative Stress and Radiation-Induced Late Normal Tissue Injury ........................................................ 135 M.E.C. Robbins and W. Zhao Introduction ............................................... 135 Radiation-induced late effects ............................. 136 Reactive oxygen/nitrogen oxide species (ROS/RNOS) .......... 141 Radiation-induced increase in ROS/RNOS generation .......... 143 The role of oxidative stress in radiation-induced late effects .................................................... 144 Treatment of radiation-induced late injury with RAS blockade ................................................... 148 Putative mediators of chronic oxidative stress: Ang II and ionizing radiation ..................................... 151 Acknowledgments ............................................ 152 References ................................................. 152 Chapter 6 The Cell Cycle and Oxidative Neuronal Cell Death .............. 165 Brett C. Langley Introduction ............................................... 165 The terminally differentiated neuron and the cell division ................................................... 166 The cell cycle and checkpoint function ..................... 167 Cell cycle regulators and neurodegeneration ................ 169 Oxidative stress induction of the cell cycle ............... 173 Is the cell cycle required for oxidative stress-induced death? ..................................................... 174 Conclusion ................................................. 175 Acknowledgments ............................................ 177 References ................................................. 177 Chapter 7 Redox Imbalance ............................................... 183 Daniela Berg Introduction: free radicals and oxidative stress ........... 183 Factors contributing to the generation of oxidative stress (OS) ................................................ 184 Interaction of ROS with genetic influences, protein aggregation and Lewy bodies (LBS) .......................... 188 Mitochondrial dysfunction .................................. 189 Consequences of redox imbalance ............................ 191 Conclusion and therapeutic outlook ......................... 192 References ................................................. 193 Chapter 8 Genes and Oxidative Stress in Sporadic and Familial Parkinsonism: cDNA Microarray Studies ......................... 201 E. Grünblatt, S. Mandel, P. Riederer, and M.B.H. Youdim Introduction ............................................... 201 Cell culture models ........................................ 202 Animal models .............................................. 204 Human post-mortem PD subjects .............................. 210 Conclusion ................................................. 215 Acknowledgement ............................................ 215 References ................................................. 215 Chapter 9 Down Syndrome, Antioxidant Balance and the "Gene Dosage Effect" Hypothesis ............................................ 219 J.B. de Haan, P.J. Crack, M.A. Pritehard, and I. Kola Introduction ............................................... 219 Analysis of the HSA21 gene, Сu/Zn-superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) and its relationship to the antioxidant pathway ..... 220 Evidence for the involvement of an altered antioxidant pathway in Down syndrome (DS) .............................. 223 Conclusions/discussion and future directions for therapeutic interventions .................................. 229 References ................................................. 230 Chapter 10 The Role of Levodopa in the Chronic Neurodegenerative Disorder - Parkinson's Disease ................................ 237 Thomas Müller Introduction ............................................... 237 Diagnosis .................................................. 237 Treatment with levodopa .................................... 238 Motor complications ........................................ 239 Levodopa-induced elevation of homocysteine ................. 240 Therapy of increased homocysteine levels in PD patients .... 241 Is levodopa administration toxic in clinical practice? ..... 242 Conclusion ................................................. 242 References ................................................. 243 Chapter 11 Reactive Oxygen Metabolites (ROMs) as an Index of Oxidative Stress in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients .......... 247 K. Christou and K.I. Gourgoulianis Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome ..................... 247 Oxidation and reduction - pro-oxidants and antioxidants .... 251 Hypoxia/reoxygenation injury (H/R) ......................... 255 D-ROM lest ................................................. 257 Conclusion ................................................. 258 References ................................................. 259 Chapter 12 The Key Role of Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer's Disease ....... 267 Paula I. Moreira, Akihiko Nunomura, Kazuhiro Honda, Gjumrakch Aliev, Gemma Casadesus. Xiongwei Zhu, Mark A. Smith, and George Perry Introduction ............................................... 267 Energetic metabolism deficiency in Alzheimer's disease ..... 268 Oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease .................... 269 Sources of oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease ......... 271 Alzheimer's disease lesions: cause or consequence of oxidative stress? .......................................... 273 Conclusions ................................................ 276 References ................................................. 276 Chapter 13 The Role of Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis: Current State ...................................... 283 Nirit Lev, Yossi Gilgun-Sherki, Daniel Offen and Eldad Melamed Introduction ............................................... 283 Oxidative stress in the CNS ................................ 284 Oxidative stress and inflammation .......................... 284 Oxidative stress in MS ..................................... 286 Antioxidants as possible treatment for MS .................. 288 Experimental studies ....................................... 289 Clinical studies ........................................... 290 Concluding remarks and future strategies ................... 291 References ................................................. 291 Chapter 14 Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: From Biology to Therapeutic Strategies ........................................ 297 Molina Mhatre and Kenneth Hensley Neuroinflammation - a common feature of most age-related neurodegenerative diseases ................................. 297 Neuroinflammation and Alzheimer's disease .................. 297 Anti-amyloidogenic properties of NSAlDs - a novel mechanism of action ........................................ 298 Mechanism underlying the reduction in Aβ generation by NSAlDs ..................................................... 299 NSAIDs and clinical trials ................................. 299 Antioxidant treatment and Alzheimer's disease .............. 304 Antioxidant clinical trials using Alzheimer's disease patients ................................................... 304 Neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and ALS ............... 305 Concluding remarks ......................................... 305 Acknowledgments ............................................ 306 References ................................................. 306 Chapter 15 Oxidative Stress in Stroke .................................... 313 Margarita L. Alexandrova and Petyo G. Bochev Introduction ............................................... 313 Therapeutic strategies with antioxidants in acute and chronic phases after stroke ................................ 343 Concluding remarks ......................................... 355 References ................................................. 356 Chapter 16 Hyperoxidation of the Two Catecholamines, Dopamine and Adrenaline: Implications for the Etiologies and Treatment of Encephalitis Lethargica, Parkinson's Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and Schizophrenia ... 369 Harold D. Foster and Abram Hoffer Dopamine and dopachrome .................................... 369 Adrenaline and adrenochrome ................................ 375 Conclusions ................................................ 379 References ................................................. 379 Chapter 17 The Role of Metals and their Effect on Oxidative Stress in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ................................. 383 Mauro Cozzolino and Maria Teresa Carrì Introduction ............................................... 383 Oxidative stress and ALS ................................... 384 Copper homeostasis and ALS ................................. 387 Iron homeostasis and ALS ................................... 390 Copper and iron: the devil's pair? ......................... 392 Conclusions ................................................ 393 References ................................................. 393 Chapter 18 Neurotransmission, Oxidative Stress, and Coexistence of Neurotransmitters in Parkinson's Disease ...................... 399 G. Ali Qureshi Introduction ............................................... 399 Material and methods ....................................... 402 Conclusions ................................................ 424 References ................................................. 425 Chapter 19 Manganese-Induced Oxidative Stress ............................ 433 Allison W. Dobson and Michael Aschner Introduction ............................................... 433 Sources of manganese ....................................... 434 Essentiality, absorption, and transport .................... 434 Toxicity ................................................... 438 Manganese-induced oxidative stress ......................... 440 References ................................................. 443 Chapter 20 Prospects for Antioxidant Therapy in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease ............................ 451 Akihiko Nunomura, George Perry, and Mark A. Smith Introduction ............................................... 451 The early involvement of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of AD ......................................... 452 Anti-oxidative strategy for AD: lessons from vitamin E studies .................................................... 455 Anti-oxidative strategy for AD: targeting modifiable risk factors .................................................... 458 Conclusion ................................................. 460 References ................................................. 460 Chapter 21 An Assessment of the Chances of Antiapoptotic Drug Therapy in Patients with Neurodegenerative Disorders .................. 467 Peter C. Waldmeier Apoptosis and other modes of ceil death .................... 467 Evidence for a role of PCD in ND ........................... 473 Development of antiapoptotic drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (ND) ............................ 481 The first two antiapoptotic compounds failed in clinical trials ..................................................... 481 Conclusions ................................................ 490 References ................................................. 492 Chapter 22 Role of Antioxidant Activity of Estrogens in their Potent Neuroprotection ............................................... 503 Evelyn Perez, Xiaofei Wang, and James W. Simpkins Introduction ............................................... 503 Acknowledgments ............................................ 513 References ................................................. 513 Chapter 23 Diet, Herbs, and Nutritional Protection against Oxidative Stress in Neurological Diseases ............................... 525 Carlos Kusano Bucalen Ferrari Introduction ............................................... 525 Conclusions ................................................ 536 References ................................................. 536 Chapter 24 Diabetic Neuropathy: Pathogenesis and Treatment ............... 543 Maria Siemionow, Yalcin Kulahci, and Galip Agaoglu Introduction ............................................... 543 Treatment of diabetic neuropathy ........................... 554 Neurosensory Jesting in diabetic neuropathy ................ 566 References ................................................. 572 Chapter 25 Green and Black Tea in Brain Protection ....................... 581 Justyna Ostrowska, Wojciech Łuczaj, Agnieszka Augustyniak, and Elżbieta Skrzydlewska Introduction ............................................... 581 References ................................................. 600 Chapter 26 Environmental and Genetic Interactions: Key to Sporadic Parkinson's Disease? .......................................... 607 Fai Tsang and Tuck Wah Soong Introduction ............................................... 607 Concluding remarks ......................................... 614 Acknowledgment ............................................. 615 References ................................................. 616 Chapter 27 Prevention and Therapy of Neurodegenerative Disorders' Role of Nutritional Antioxidants ................................... 621 Vincenzo Di Matteo, Massimo Pierucci, Giuseppe D. Giovanni, and Ennio Esposito Major neurodegenerative disorders .......................... 621 Natural dietary antioxidants ............................... 625 ROS, NF-кВ, and neurodegenerative disorders ................ 633 Alzheimer's disease, oxidative stress, NF-кВ, and antioxidants ............................................... 635 Parkinson's disease, oxidative stress, NF-кВ, and antioxidants ............................................... 638 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, oxidative stress, NF-кВ, and antioxidants ............................................... 642 Conclusions ................................................ 644 Acknowledgments ............................................ 645 References ................................................. 646 Chapter 28 Genetics of Parkinson's Disease ............................... 663 Yue Huang, Piu Chan, and Glenda Halliday Introduction ............................................... 663 Causative genes for familial PD ............................ 665 Susceptibility genes for PD ................................ 675 Genetic implications for PD ................................ 687 Acknowledgment ............................................. 687 References ................................................. 688 Chapter 29 Biomarkers of Hypoxic Brain Injury ............................ 699 Giuseppe Buonocore, Serafina Perrone, Luisa De Marco, and Carlo Valerio Bellieni Introduction ............................................... 699 Conclusions ................................................ 710 References ................................................. 711 Chapter 30 Role of Selenium, Iron, Copper, and Zinc in Parkinsonism ....... 719 G. Ali Qureshi, Shuja Ali Syed, and S.H. Parvez Introduction ............................................... 719 Patients and methods ....................................... 721 Results .................................................... 722 Discussion ................................................. 723 References ................................................. 731 Chapter 31 Oxidative Stress in Phagocytic Cells: Changes with Age and Effect of Melatonin ........................................... 737 С. Barriga, M.P. Terrón, S.H. Parvez, J. Cubero, D. Narciso, S.D. Paredes, S. Sánchez, and A.B. Rodríguez Introduction ............................................... 737 Pinealectomy, bursectomy, and the immune system ............ 744 Conclusions: future horizon ................................ 756 References ................................................. 757 Index ......................................................... 763