 | Gibson D.J. Grasses and grassland ecology. - Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2009. - viii, 305 p., [8] p. of col. plates: ill., maps. - (Oxford biology). - Ref: - p.243-287. - Plant ind.: p.289-295. - Animal ind.: p.297-298. - Sub. ind.: p.299-305. - ISBN 978-0-19852919-4
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Preface ......................................................... v
1 Introduction ................................................. 1
1.1 Grasslands: a tautological problem of definition ........ 1
1.2 Extent of the world's grasslands ........................ 2
1.3 Grassland loss .......................................... 4
1.4 Grassland goods and services ........................... 12
1.5 Early grassland ecologists ............................. 18
2 Systematics and evolution ................................... 21
2.1 Characteristics of the Poaceae ......................... 21
2.2 Traditional vs modern views of grass classification .... 22
2.3 Subfamily characteristics .............................. 24
2.4 Fossil history and evolution ........................... 29
3 Ecological morphology and anatomy ........................... 35
3.1 Developmental morphology—the phytomer .................. 35
3.2 Structure of the common oat Avena sativa ............... 36
3.3 Culms .................................................. 36
3.4 Leaves ................................................. 43
3.5 Roots .................................................. 46
3.6 Inflorescence and the spikelet ......................... 49
3.7 The grass seed and seedling development ................ 51
3.8 Anatomy ................................................ 54
4 Physiology .................................................. 58
4.1 C3 and C4 photosynthesis ............................... 58
4.2 Forage quality ......................................... 68
4.3 Secondary compounds: anti-herbivore defences and
allelochemicals ........................................ 73
4.4 Silicon ................................................ 78
4.5 Physiological integration of clonal grasses and
mechanisms of ramet regulation ......................... 79
5 Population ecology .......................................... 81
5.1 Reproduction and population dynamics ................... 81
5.2 Fungal relationships ................................... 94
5.3 Genecology ............................................ 102
6 Community ecology .......................................... 110
6.1 Vegetation-environment relationships .................. 110
6.2 Succession ............................................ 113
6.3 Species interactions ................................. 115
6.4 Models of grassland community structure ............... 121
6.5 Summary: an issue of scale ............................ 128
7 Ecosystem ecology .......................................... 129
7.1 Energy and productivity ............................... 129
7.2 Nutrient cycling ...................................... 141
7.3 Decomposition ......................................... 149
7.4 Grassland soils ....................................... 153
8 World grasslands ........................................... 160
8.1 Ways of describing vegetation ......................... 160
8.2 General description of world grasslands ............... 162
8.3 Examples of regional grassland classifications ........ 179
9 Disturbance ................................................ 184
9.1 The concept of disturbance ............................ 185
9.2 Fire .................................................. 187
9.3 Herbivory ............................................. 194
9.4 Drought ............................................... 207
10 Management and restoration ................................. 211
10.1 Management techniques and goals ....................... 211
10.2 Range assessment ...................................... 221
10.3 Restoration ........................................... 235
References .................................................... 243
Plant index ................................................... 289
Animal index .................................................. 297
Subject index ................................................. 299
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