Preface ......................................................... v
Acknowledgements .............................................. vii
CHAPTER 1 ENERGY AND POWER ..................................... 1
1.1 Solutions to the End of Chapter Problems ................... 1
1.2 Additional Problems with Solutions ........................ 11
1.3 Units and Conversion Factors .............................. 13
CHAPTER 2 ENERGY RESOURCES AND ENERGY USE ...................... 16
2.1 Solutions to the End of Chapter Problems .................. 16
2.1.1 Energy input to the earth .......................... 16
2.1.2 Primary fuel availability and use .................. 19
2.2 Additional Problems with Solutions ........................ 28
2.2.1 Energy input to the earth .......................... 28
2.2.2 Primary fuel availability and use .................. 30
References ................................................ 40
CHAPTER 3 ELECTRICITY ......................................... 41
3.1 Solutions to the End of Chapter Problems .................. 41
3.2 Additional Problems with Solutions ........................ 53
3.2.1 Electric circuit problems .......................... 53
3.2.2 Use of prime fuels for making electricity .......... 54
References ................................................ 55
CHAPTER 4 COAL ................................................ 56
4.1 Solutions to the End of Chapter Problems .................. 56
4.2 Additional Problems with Solutions ........................ 64
References ................................................ 73
CHAPTER 5 PETROLEUM ........................................... 74
5.1 Solutions to the End of Chapter Problems .................. 74
5.2 Additional Problems with Solutions ........................ 83
References ................................................ 96
CHAPTER 6 NATURAL GAS ......................................... 97
6.1 Solutions to the End of Chapter Problems .................. 97
6.2 Additional Problems with Solutions ....................... 106
References ............................................... 118
CHAPTER 7 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY .................................. 119
7.1 Solutions to the End of Chapter Problems ................. 119
CHAPTER 8 NUCLEAR ENERGY ..................................... 126
8.1 Solutions to the End of Chapter Problems ................. 126
8.2 Additional Problems with Solutions ....................... 137
References ............................................... 148
CHAPTER 9 WATER ENERGY ....................................... 149
9.1 Solutions to the End of Chapter Problems ................. 149
9.2 Additional Problems with Solutions ....................... 165
CHAPTER 10 WIND ENERGY ........................................ 174
10.1 Solutions to the End of Chapter Problems ................. 174
10.2 Additional Problems with Solutions ....................... 192
CHAPTER 11 SOLAR HEATING OF WATER OR AIR ...................... 207
11.1 Solutions to the End of Chapter Problems ................. 207
11.1.1 Solar flat-plate collectors ....................... 207
11.1.2 Solar concentrator systems ........................ 220
11.2 Additional Problems with Solutions ....................... 228
CHAPTER 12 SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC CONVERSION ...................... 238
12.1 Solutions to the End of Chapter Problems ................. 238
12.1.1 Basic physics of solar photovoltaic cells ......... 238
12.1.2 Photovoltaic materials ............................ 241
12.1.3 Electrical output properties of photovoltaic
cells ............................................. 244
12.2 Additional Problems with Solutions ....................... 257
12.2.1 Basic physical properties ......................... 257
12.2.2 Circuit operation of solar cells and solar
arrays ............................................ 259
CHAPTER 13 BIOLOGICAL ENERGY
13.1 Solutions to the End of Chapter Problems ................. 272
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