Koryakova L. The Urals and Western Siberia in the bronze and iron ages / L.Koryakova, A.V.Epimakhov. - Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007. - xxiii, 383 p.: Ill. - (Cambridge world archaeology). - Ref.: 347-374. - Ind.: p.375-383. - ISBN 978-0-521-82928-1  Место хранения:   088 | Институт археологии и этнографии СО РАН | Новосибирск | Библиотека

Оглавление / Contents

List of Plates, Figures, and Tables ........................ page x Foreword, by Philip L. Kohl .................................... xv Preface ....................................................... xxi Introduction ............................................... i Environmental Setting ...................................... 2 Climatic Conditions in the Bronze and Iron Ages ............ 7 Chronology and Periodization .............................. 12 Chronological Intricacies .............................. 12 Periodizations: Remarks about Terminology and Structure .......................................... 17 General Definitions ....................................... 19 PART ONE. THE BRONZE AGE: THE RISE OF ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL COMPLEXITY i The Development of Bronze Metallurgy ......................... 25 The Stages of Metallurgical Development in Eurasia ........... 26 The Urals' Bronze Metallurgy ................................. 28 The Beginning .............................................. 28 Further Developments ....................................... 33 The Apex of Uralian Metallurgy: Expansion and Perfection ... 40 2 The Achievements and Collisions of the Early and Middle Bronze Age ........................................ 45 The Yamnaya Culture in the Cis-Urals ......................... 45 Archaeological Characteristics ............................. 46 Chronological Variants and Their Cultural Attributions ..... 52 Were the Folk from the Yamnaya Kurgans Socially Organized Pastoral Nomads? ........................................... 54 The Abashevo Culture ......................................... 57 The Sintashta Culture ........................................ 66 Archaeological Materials ................................... 68 Settlements .............................................. 68 Cemeteries ............................................... 75 The Petrovka Culture ......................................... 81 What Was Behind the Sintashta and Petrovka Antiquities? ...... 86 Economic Sphere ............................................ 86 Social Contrasts ........................................... 90 The Origin and Ultimate Fate of the Sintashta Cultural Core-Tradition ............................................. 96 The Cultural Formations in the Forest Zone ................... 98 Cis-Urals Subarea .......................................... 98 The Forest-Steppe and Southern Taiga of Western Siberia ... 103 The Pre-Andronovo Horizon in the Western Siberian Forest-Steppe ............................................. 104 Sites of the Seima-Turbino Type ........................... 106 3 Stabilization, Colonization, and Expansion in the Late Bronze Age .................................................. 111 The Uralian Variant of the Srubnaya Family of Cultures ...... 111 Archaeological Characteristics ............................ 112 Economic and Social Aspects ............................... 120 The Andronovo Family of Cultures ............................ 123 The Alakul Culture ........................................ 127 Archaeological Characteristics .......................... 128 Complication of Internal Chronology and the Origin of the Alakul Culture ................................... 136 The Fyodorovo Culture ..................................... 138 Archaeological Materials ................................ 139 The Problem of the Origin of the Fyodorovo Core- Tradition ............................................... 144 Economic and Social Dimensions of the Andronovo Cultures .................................................. 146 Northward Expansion ......................................... 150 The Andronovo-Like Cultural Horizon ....................... 151 4 On the Eve of a New Epoch: Final Bronze Age ................. 161 The Sargary Culture ......................................... 161 Mezhovka-Irmen Cultural Horizon ............................. 170 The Mezhovka Culture ...................................... 170 The Irmen Culture ......................................... 175 Summary: Bronze Age Trajectory .............................. 178 PART TWO. THE IRON AGE - FORMING EURASIAN INTERACTIONS 5 The Transition to the Iron Age and New Tendencies in Economic Development ........................................ 187 The Introduction of Iron Technology into Eurasia ............ 188 The Ural Ferrous Metallurgy ................................. 193 The Ananyino Metallurgy (Cis-Urals Area) .................. 194 The Itkul Metallurgy (Trans-Urals Area) ................... 196 Transition to the Real Ferrous Metal Production ........... 197 6 The Southern Urals within the Nomadic World: At the Cultural Crossroads ......................................... 203 General Aspects of Nomadic Studies .......................... 203 Ecological and Historical Dimensions of Eurasian Nomadism .................................................. 203 About the Origins of Eurasian Nomadism .................... 209 Social Organization of Eurasian Nomads .................... 212 Material Culture of Nomads ................................ 215 The Nomads of Southern Urals ................................ 220 A Short Excursion into the History of Eurasian Nomads ..... 220 Nomadic Cultures of the Urals ............................. 230 Pre-Sarmatian and Initial Sarmatian Cultural Development ............................................... 233 The Early Sarmatian Development (Prokhorovo Culture) ...... 240 The Middle and Late Sarmatian Developments ................ 245 7 The World of Cultures of Cis-Urals Forest Zone of Eastern Europe: The Maintenance of Cultural Identities .............. 251 The Ananyino Cultural Groups ................................ 252 The Pyanobor Cultural Groups ................................ 261 8 The Forest-Steppe Cultures of the Urals and Western Siberia: On the Northern Periphery of the Nomadic World ..... 277 Cultural Groups of the Forest-Mountain Area of the Middle and Southern Urals .......................................... 277 The Forest-Steppe Cultures of the Trans-Urals and Western Siberia ..................................................... 287 Pre-Sargat (Formative) Phase .............................. 289 Gorokhovo-Sargat Phase .................................... 292 Classic Sargat Phase ...................................... 298 Late Sargat Phase ......................................... 311 Summary: Interactions between Nomads and Forest Populations ................................................. 312 9 Social Trends in North-Central Eurasia during the Second and First Millennia вс ...................................... 316 Social Strategies of the Second Millennium вс ............... 317 Social Strategies in the Iron Age ........................... 326 Notes ......................................................... 339 References .................................................... 347 Index ......................................................... 375