CD Table of Contents ........................................... ix
Foreword ....................................................... xi
Preface ...................................................... xiii
Acknowledgements ............................................... xv
1 Phase Equilibria in Binary and Ternary Hydrothermal
Systems ...................................................... 1
Vladimir M. Valyashko
1.1 Introduction ............................................ 1
1.2 Experimental methods for studying hydrothermal phase
equilibria .............................................. 3
1.2.1 Methods of visual observation ................... 73
1.2.2 Methods of sampling ............................. 74
1.2.3 Methods of quenching ............................ 80
1.2.4 Indirect methods ................................ 82
1.3 Phase equilibria in binary systems ..................... 86
1.3.1 Main types of fluid phase behavior .............. 86
1.3.2 Classification of complete phase diagrams ....... 87
1.3.3 Graphical representation and experimental
examples of binary phase diagrams ............... 91
1.4 Phase equilibria in ternary systems ................... 103
1.4.1 Graphical representation of ternary phase
diagrams ....................................... 103
1.4.2 Derivation and classification of ternary
phase diagrams ................................. 105
References ................................................. 119
2 pVTx Properties of Hydrothermal Systems .................... 135
Horacio R. Corti and Ilmutdin M. Abdulagatov
2.1 Basic principles and definitions ...................... 135
2.2 Experimental methods .................................. 136
2.2.1 Constant volume piezometers (CVP) .............. 136
2.2.2 Variable volume piezometers (VVP) .............. 137
2.2.3 Hydrostatic weighing technique (HWT) ........... 138
2.2.4 Vibrating tube densimeter (VTD) ................ 139
2.2.5 Synthetic fluid inclusion technique ............ 140
2.3 Theoretical treatment of pVTx data .................... 140
2.3.1 Excess volume .................................. 140
2.3.2 Models for the standard partial molar volume ... 153
2.4 pVTx data for hydrothermal systems .................... 159
2.4.1 Laboratory activities .......................... 159
2.4.2 Summary table .................................. 185
References ................................................. 186
3 High Temperature Potentiometry ............................. 195
Donald A. Palmer and Serguei N. Lvov
3.1 Introduction .......................................... 195
3.1.1 Reference electrodes ........................... 198
3.1.2 Indicator electrodes ........................... 198
3.1.3 Diffusion, thermal diffusion, thermoelectric,
and streaming potentials ....................... 199
3.1.4 Reference and buffer solutions ................. 200
3.2 Experimental methods .................................. 200
3.2.1 Hydrogen-electrode concentration cell .......... 200
3.2.2 Flow-through conventional potentiometric
cells .......................................... 202
3.3 Data treatment ........................................ 203
References ................................................. 205
4 Electrical Conductivity in Hydrothermal Binary and
Ternary Systems ............................................ 207
Horacio R. Corti
4.1 Introduction .......................................... 207
4.2 Basic principles and definitions ...................... 207
4.3 Experimental methods .................................. 215
4.3.1 Static high temperature and pressure
conductivity cells ............................. 215
4.3.2 Flow-through conductivity cell ................. 217
4.3.3 Measurement procedure .......................... 218
4.4 Data treatment ........................................ 219
4.4.1 Dissociated electrolytes ....................... 219
4.4.2 Associated electrolytes ........................ 219
4.4.3 Getting information from electrical
conductivity data .............................. 221
4.5 General trends ........................................ 221
4.5.1 Specific conductivity as a function of
temperature, concentration and density ......... 221
4.5.2 The limiting molar conductivity ................ 222
4.5.3 Concentration dependence of the molar
conductivity and association constants ......... 223
4.5.4 Molar conductivity as a function of
temperature and density ........................ 224
4.5.5 Conductivity in ternary systems ................ 224
References ................................................. 224
5 Thermal Conductivity ....................................... 227
Ilmutdin M. Abdulagatov and Marc J. Assael
5.1 Introduction .......................................... 227
5.2 Experimental techniques ............................... 228
5.2.1 Parallel-plate technique ....................... 228
5.2.2 Coaxial-cylinder technique ..................... 235
5.2.3 Transient hot-wire technique ................... 239
5.2.4 Conclusion ..................................... 241
5.3 Available experimental data ........................... 242
5.3.1 Temperature dependence ......................... 242
5.3.2 Pressure dependence ............................ 244
5.3.3 Concentration dependence ....................... 245
5.4 Discussion of experimental data ....................... 245
References ................................................. 246
6 Viscosity .................................................. 249
Ilmutdin M. Abdulagatov and Marc J. Assael
6.1 Introduction .......................................... 249
6.2 Experimental techniques ............................... 252
6.2.1 Capillary-flow technique ....................... 253
6.2.2 Oscillating-disk technique ..................... 255
6.2.3 Falling-body viscometer ........................ 257
6.2.4 Conclusion ..................................... 259
6.3 Available experimental data ........................... 260
6.3.1 Temperature dependence ......................... 261
6.3.2 Pressure dependence ............................ 261
6.3.3 Concentration dependence ....................... 264
6.4 Discussion of experimental viscosity data ............. 265
References ................................................. 267
7 Calorimetric Properties of Hydrothermal Solutions .......... 271
Vladimir M. Valyashko and Miroslav S. Gruszkiewicz
7.1 Batch techniques ...................................... 272
7.2 Flow techniques ....................................... 272
7.3 Summary table ......................................... 274
References .................................................... 284
Index ......................................................... 289
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