Encyclopedia of paleoclimatology and ancient environments / ed. by Gornitz V. - Dordrecht: Springer, 2009. - xxiv, 1047 p.: ill. (some col.). - (Encyclopedia of earth sciences series). - Incl. bibl. ref. - Auth. ind.: p.997-998. - Sub. ind.: p.999-1047. - ISBN 978-1-4020-4551-6; ISSN 1388-4360  Место хранения:   03 | Центральная библиотека Иркутского научного центра СО РАН | Иркутск

Оглавление / Contents

List of Contributors ........................................... xi Preface ....................................................... xxv Acknowledgements ............................................ xxvii Aerosol (Mineral) ............................................... 1 Ina Tegen Albedo Feedbacks ................................................ 2 Andrew A. Lacis Alkenones ....................................................... 4 Mark Pagani Ancient Cultures and Climate Change ............................. 6 Vivien Gornitz Animal Proxies, Invertebrates .................................. 10 Robert R. Gaines and Mary L. Droser Animal Proxies - Vertebrates ................................... 13 Thomas H. Rich and Patricia Vickers-Rich Antarctic Bottom Water and Climate Change ...................... 16 Stan Jacobs Antarctic Cold Reversal ........................................ 22 Vincent I. Morgan Antarctic Glaciation History ................................... 24 Kathy Licht Antarctic Sea Ice History, Late Quaternary ..................... 31 Xavier Crosta Archean Environments ........................................... 34 William H. Peck and John W. Valley Arctic Sea Ice ................................................. 38 Anne de Vernal Arid Climates and Indicators ................................... 45 Andrew Goudie Astronomical Theory of Climate Change .......................... 51 André Berger Atmospheric Circulation During the Last Glacial Maximum ........ 57 David Rind Atmospheric Evolution, Earth ................................... 61 James Farquhar Atmospheric Evolution, Mars .................................... 66 David C. Catling Atmospheric Evolution, Venus ................................... 75 Bruce Fegley, Jr. Banded Iron Formations and the Early Atmosphere ................ 85 Bruce M. Simonson and Alan J. Kaufman Basal Ice ...................................................... 89 Peter G. Knight Beachrock ...................................................... 89 Ian D. Goodwin Beetles as Quaternary and Late Tertiary Climate Indicators ..... 90 G. Russell Coope Beryllium-10 ................................................... 92 Jürg Beer Binge-Purge Cycles of Ice Sheet Dynamics ....................... 94 Martin J. Siegert Bolide Impacts and Climate ..................................... 96 Michael R. Rampino Bølling-Allerød Interstadial .................................. 100 Wim Z. Hoek Borehole Climatology .......................................... 103 Hugo Beltrami and Daniela Nitoiu Carbon Cycle .................................................. 107 Abraham Lerman Carbon Dioxide and Methane, Quaternary Variations ............. 118 Bernhard Stauffer Carbon Dioxide, Dissolved (Ocean) ............................. 123 Richard E. Zeebe and Dieter A. Wolf-Gladrow Carbon Isotope Variations Over Geologic Time .................. 128 Ján Veizer Carbon Isotopes, Stable ....................................... 133 Steven W. Leavitt Carbonate Compensation Depth .................................. 136 Torsten Bickert Carbonates, Cool Water ........................................ 138 Jonathan Clarke Carbonates, Warm Water ........................................ 143 Dan Bosence Cenozoic Climate Change ....................................... 148 James D. Wright Cirques ....................................................... 155 Peter G. Knight CLAMP ......................................................... 156 Robert A. Spicer CLIMAP ........................................................ 158 James D. Hays Climate Change, Causes ........................................ 164 Thomas J. Crowley Climate Forcing ............................................... 174 Andrew A. Lacis Climate Variability and Change, Last 1,000 Years .............. 178 Michael E. Mann Coal Beds, Origin and Climate ................................. 181 C. Blaine Cecil and Sandra G. Neuzil Coastal Environments .......................................... 183 Robert W. Dalrymple and Kyungsik Choi Coccoliths .................................................... 187 Jeremy R. Young COHMAP ........................................................ 188 Thompson Webb III Continental Sediments ......................................... 192 Marc S. Hendrix Corals and Coral Reefs ........................................ 198 John E.N. Veron Cordilleran Ice Sheet ......................................... 206 John J. Clague Cosmogenic Radionuclides ...................................... 211 Jürg Beer Cretaceous Warm Climates ...................................... 213 Erle G. Kauffman and Claudia C. Johnson Cretaceous/Tertiary (K-T) Boundary Impact, Climate Effects .... 217 Elisabetta Pierazzo Cryosphere .................................................... 221 Philippe Huybrechts Cyclic Sedimentation (Cyclothem) .............................. 226 Allen W. Archer Dansgaard-Oeschger Cycles ..................................... 229 Irene A. Mogensen Dating, Amino Acid Geochronology .............................. 233 Gifford H. Miller Dating, Biostratigraphic Methods .............................. 237 Peter M. Sadler Dating, Dendrochronology ...................................... 239 Brendan M. Buckley Dating, Fission-Tracks ........................................ 247 John I. Garver Dating, Luminescence Techniques ............................... 249 Glenn W. Berger Dating, Magnetostratigraphy ................................... 252 Wout Krijgsman and C.G. Langereis Dating, Radiometric Methods ................................... 255 Chris M. Hall Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) .............................. 260 William W. Hay Deltaic Sediments, Climate Records ............................ 265 Steven L. Goodbred, Jr. Dendroclimatology ............................................. 269 Brendan M. Buckley Desert Varnish as a Paleoclimate Proxy ........................ 275 Ronald I. Dorn Deuterium, Deuterium Excess ................................... 278 Gilles Delaygue Diamicton ..................................................... 278 John Menzies Diatoms ....................................................... 279 Amy Leventer Dinoflagellates ............................................... 280 Anne de Vernal Dole Effect ................................................... 282 Georg Hoffmann Drumlins ...................................................... 284 Peter G. Knight Duricrusts .................................................... 284 David J. Nash Dust Transport, Quaternary .................................... 286 Karen E. Kohfeld and Ina Tegen Early Paleozoic Climates (Cambrian-Devonian) .................. 291 Arthur J. Boucot Earth Laws and Paleoclimatology ............................... 294 Rhodes W. Fairbridge (deceased) and Vivien Gornitz Eccentricity .................................................. 301 Marie-France Loutre Eemian (Sangamonian) Interglacial ............................. 302 Ulrich C. Müller Electrical Conductivity ....................................... 308 Kendrick Taylor Eolian Dust, Marine Sediments ................................. 308 David K. Rea Eolian Sediments and Processes ................................ 312 Daniel R. Muhs Eolianite ..................................................... 319 David B. Loope Eskers ........................................................ 320 Peter G. Knight Evaporites .................................................... 321 Stefano Lugli Evolution and Climate Change .................................. 325 David A.T. Harper Faint Young Sun Paradox ....................................... 333 James Farquhar Flood Basalts: Climatic Implications .......................... 335 Andrew D. Saunders Foraminifera .................................................. 338 Harry J. Dowsett Geochemical Proxies (Non-Isotopic) ............................ 341 Matthew J. Higginson Glacial Erratics .............................................. 354 Patrick M. Colgan Glacial Eustasy ............................................... 354 Stephen F. Pekar Glacial Geomorphology ......................................... 361 John Menzies Glacial Isostasy .............................................. 374 Kurt Lambeck Glacial Megalakes ............................................. 380 Victor R. Baker Glacial Sediments ............................................. 382 Douglas I. Benn Glaciations, Pre-Quaternary ................................... 384 Emmanuelle Arnaud and I. Peter Martini Glaciations, Quaternary ....................................... 389 Shawn J. Marshall Glaciofluvial Sediments ....................................... 394 Douglas I. Benn Glaciomarine Sediments ........................................ 395 Kathy Licht Glendonite/Ikaite ............................................. 396 Ian P. Swainson "Greenhouse" (Warm) Climates .................................. 397 Darren R. Gröcke Heat Transport, Oceanic and Atmospheric ....................... 407 Dan Seidov Heinrich Events ............................................... 409 Sidney Hemming History of Paleoclimatology ................................... 414 Rhodes W. Fairbridge (deceased) History of Paleoclimatology - Biographies ..................... 428 Rhodes W. Fairbridge (deceased) and Vivien Gornitz Holocene Climates ............................................. 438 Neil Roberts Holocene Treeline Fluctuations ................................ 442 Mel A. Reasoner and Willy Tinner Human Evolution and Climate Change ............................ 446 Gail M. Ashley Hypsithermal .................................................. 451 Rhodes W. Fairbridge (deceased) Ice Cores, Antarctica and Greenland ........................... 453 Dominique Raynaud and Frédéric Parrenin Ice Cores, Mountain Glaciers .................................. 457 Lonnie G. Thompson "Icehouse" (Cold) Climates .................................... 463 Paul K. Link Ice-Rafted Debris (IRD) ....................................... 471 Julian A. Dowdeswell Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) ...................... 473 Manik Talwani Interstadials ................................................. 477 Wim Z. Hoek Iron and Climate Change ....................................... 478 David Archer Isotope Fractionation ......................................... 479 Dieter A. Wolf-Gladrow and Richard E. Zeebe Kames ......................................................... 483 Peter G. Knight Kettles ....................................................... 483 Peter G. Knight Lacustrine Sediments .......................................... 485 Bernd Zolitschka and Dirk Enters Lake-Level Fluctuations ....................................... 489 Mark B. Abbott and Lesleigh Anderson Last Glacial Maximum .......................................... 493 David Q. Bowen Last Glacial Termination ...................................... 495 Didier Paillard Late Paleozoic Paleoclimates .................................. 498 Anne Raymond and Christopher R. Scotese Late Quaternary Megafloods .................................... 504 Victor R. Baker Late Quaternary-Holocene Vegetation Modeling .................. 507 Jed O. Kaplan Laterite ...................................................... 514 Michael Widdowson Laurentide Ice Sheet .......................................... 517 Arthur S. Dyke Little Ice Age ................................................ 520 Drew T. Shindell Loess Deposits ................................................ 522 Konstantin G. Dlussky Marine Biogenic Sediments ..................................... 525 Wolfgang H. Berger and Gerold Wefer Marine Carbon Geochemistry .................................... 533 David Archer Marine Clay Minerals .......................................... 539 Alastair Ruffell Mars: Water and Past Climates ................................. 540 Phillip R. Christensen Mass Extinctions: Role of Climate ............................. 547 Garland R. Upchurch, Jr. Maunder Minimum ............................................... 550 Drew T. Shindell Medieval Warm Period .......................................... 551 Rhodes W. Fairbridge (deceased) Mesozoic Climates ............................................. 554 Gregory D. Price Messinian Salinity Crisis ..................................... 559 Stefano Lugli Methane Hydrates, Carbon Cycling, and Environmental Change .... 560 Gerard R. Dickens and Clayton Forswall Mid-Pliocene Warming .......................................... 566 Mark A. Chandler Millennial Climate Variability ................................ 568 Gerard Bond (deceased) Mineral Indicators of Past Climates ........................... 573 Vivien Gornitz Monsoons: Pre-Quaternary ...................................... 583 Pinxian Wang and Qianyu Li Monsoons, Quaternary .......................................... 589 Anil K. Gupta Moraines ...................................................... 594 Peter G. Knight Mountain Glaciers ............................................. 595 Lonnie G. Thompson Mountain Uplift and Climate Change ............................ 596 Douglas W. Burbank Nearest-Living-Relative Method ................................ 607 Volker Mosbrugger Neogene Climates .............................................. 609 Carin Andersson Nitrogen Isotopes ............................................. 612 Julian P. Sachs North Atlantic Deep Water and Climate Change .................. 614 Thomas M. Marchitto, Jr. North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) Records ...................... 619 Heidi M. Cullen Obliquity ..................................................... 625 Marie-France Loutre Ocean Anoxic Events ........................................... 626 Bradley Sageman Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) .................................. 630 Joanne C. Reuss Ocean Paleocirculation ........................................ 634 Roger Francois Ocean Paleoproductivity ....................................... 644 Adina Paytan Ocean Paleotemperatures ....................................... 651 Mara Weinelt Organic Geochemical Proxies ................................... 659 Philip A. Meyers Ostracodes .................................................... 663 Thomas M. Cronin Outwash Plains ................................................ 665 Peter G. Knight Oxygen Isotopes ............................................... 666 Gilles Delaygue PAGES ......................................................... 675 Keith Alverson and Christoph Kull Paleobotany ................................................... 679 Elizabeth A. Kowalski and David L. Dilcher Paleocean Modeling ............................................ 683 Matthew Huber Paleoceanography .............................................. 690 Katrin J. Meissner, Alvaro Montenegro, and Chris Avis Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum .............................. 696 Gavin A. Schmidt Paleoclimate Modeling, Pre-Quaternary ......................... 700 Christopher J. Poulsen Paleoclimate Modeling, Quaternary ............................. 709 Robert J. Oglesby and Kirk A. Maasch Paleoclimate Proxies, an Introduction ......................... 716 Vivien Gornitz Paleo-El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Records ............. 721 Michael K. Gagan Paleogene Climates ............................................ 728 Donald R. Prothero Paleohydrology ................................................ 733 Françoise Gasse Paleolimnology ................................................ 738 Philip Barker Paleo-Ocean pH ................................................ 743 Martin R. Palmer Paleo-Precipitation Indicators ................................ 746 Paul A. Baker Paleosols, Pre-Quaternary ..................................... 748 Steven G. Driese Paleosols, Quaternary ......................................... 752 Tatiana D. Morozova and Andrei A. Velichko Paleotemperatures and Proxy Reconstructions ................... 757 Thomas M. Cronin Paleotempestology, the Sedimentary Record of Intense Hurricanes .................................................... 763 Jeffrey P. Donnelly Palynology .................................................... 766 Margaret Kneller and Sarah Fowell Patterned Ground .............................................. 768 Matthew R. Bennett Periglacial Geomorphology ..................................... 770 Brigitte Van Vliet-Lanoë Phosphorite ................................................... 775 Yehoshua Kolodny Phosphorus Cycle .............................................. 780 Gabriel M. Filippelli Pingos ........................................................ 783 Matthew R. Bennett Plate Tectonics and Climate Change ............................ 784 Robert M. DeConto Pleistocene Climates .......................................... 798 David Q. Bowen Pliocene Climates ............................................. 804 Alan M. Haywood PMIP .......................................................... 813 Vivien Gornitz Pollen Analysis ............................................... 815 Margaret Kneller Potassium-Argon/Argon-Argon Dating ............................ 823 Chris M. Hall Precession, Climatic .......................................... 825 Marie-France Loutre Pre-Quaternary Milankovitch Cycles and Climate Variability .... 826 Paul E. Olsen and Jessica H. Whiteside Proglacial Lacustrine Sediments ............................... 835 Wibjörn Karlén Proterozoic Climates .......................................... 836 Grant M. Young Quaternary Climate Transitions and Cycles ..................... 841 Mark Maslin Quaternary Vegetation Distribution ............................ 856 John Jack W. Williams Radiocarbon Dating ............................................ 863 R. Ervin Taylor Radiolaria .................................................... 869 Adolfo Molina-Cruz (deceased) and Kjell R. Bjørklund Red Beds ...................................................... 871 Nathan D. Sheldon Roches Moutonnées ............................................. 873 Matthew R. Bennett Sapropels ..................................................... 875 Kay-Christian Emeis Scandinavian Ice Sheet ........................................ 877 Jan Mangerud Sea Level Change, Last 250 Million Years ...................... 879 Kenneth G. Miller Sea Level Change, Post-Glacial ................................ 887 Vivien Gornitz Sea Level Change, Quaternary .................................. 893 John M. Chappell Sea Level Indicators .......................................... 899 Michael S. Kearney Sedimentary Indicators of Climate Change ...................... 902 Joseph P. Smoot Snowball Earth Hypothesis ..................................... 907 Grant M. Young SPECMAP ....................................................... 911 Franck C. Bassinot Speleothems ................................................... 916 Yemane Asmerom Stable Isotope Analysis ....................................... 918 Germán Mora Strontium Isotopes ............................................ 923 Ján Veizer Sulfur Isotopes ............................................... 926 Harald Strauss and Ján Veizer Sun-Climate Connections ....................................... 929 Peter F. Almasi and Gerard Bond (deceased) Tephrochronology .............................................. 937 Andrew J. Dugmore and Anthony Newton The 8,200-Year BP Event ....................................... 938 Allegra N. LeGrande Thermohaline Circulation ...................................... 943 Andrew J. Weaver and Oleg A. Saenko Tills and Tillites ............................................ 948 Douglas I. Benn Time-Series Analysis of Paleoclimate Data ..................... 949 David J. Thomson Transfer Functions ............................................ 959 Stephen Juggins Triassic-Jurassic Climates .................................... 962 Gregory J. Retallack Uranium-Series Dating ......................................... 969 Yemane Asmerom Varved Sediments .............................................. 973 Matti Saarnisto and Antti E.K. Ojala Volcanic Eruptions and Climate Change ......................... 976 Richard B. Stothers Weathering and Climate ........................................ 981 Louis A. Derry Wisconsinan (Weichselian, Würm) Glaciation .................... 986 John T. Andrews Younger Dryas ................................................. 993 Dorothy M. Peteet Author Index .................................................. 997 Subject Index ................................................. 999 Appendix ..................................................... 1049