Preface ...................................................... viii
1 The Foundations of Biochemistry .............................. 1
I STRUCTURE AND CATALYSIS .................................... 41
2 Water ....................................................... 43
3 Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins ......................... 71
4 The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins ................ 113
5 Protein Function ........................................... 153
6 Enzymes .................................................... 183
7 Carbohydrates and Glycobiology ............................. 235
8 Nucleotides and Nucleic Adds ............................... 271
9 DNA-Based Information Technologies ......................... 303
10 Lipids ..................................................... 343
11 Biological Membranes and Transport ......................... 371
12 Biosignaling ............................................... 417
II BIOENERGETICS AND METABOLISM .............................. 485
13 Bioenergetics and Biochemical Reaction Types ............... 489
14 Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, and the Pentose Phosphate
Pathway .................................................... 527
15 Principles of Metabolic Regulation ......................... 569
16 The Citric Acid Cycle ...................................... 615
17 Fatty Acid Catabolism ...................................... 647
18 Amino Acid Oxidation and the Production of Urea ............ 673
19 Oxidative Phosphorylation and Photophosphorylation ......... 707
20 Carbohydrate Biosynthesis in Plants and Bacteria ........... 773
21 Lipid Biosynthesis ......................................... 805
22 Biosynthesis of Amino Acids, Nucleotides, and Related
Molecules .................................................. 851
23 Hormonal Regulation and Integration of Mammalian
Metabolism ................................................. 901
III INFORMATION PATHWAYS ...................................... 945
24 Genes and Chromosomes ...................................... 947
25 DNA Metabolism ............................................. 975
26 RNA Metabolism ............................................ 1021
27 Protein Metabolism ........................................ 1065
28 Regulation of Gene Expression ............................. 1115
Appendix A Common Abbreviations in the Biochemical Research
Literature ................................................. A-1
Appendix B Abbreviated Solutions to Problems ................. AS-1
Glossary ...................................................... G-1
Credits ....................................................... C-1
Index ......................................................... I-1
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