Contributors .................................................. xix
Preface ....................................................... xxi
Acknowledgments ............................................. xxiii
Part 1 Acetic Acid
Chapter 1.1. Chiyoda Acetic Acid Process ACETICA®
Yasuo Hosono and Minoru Tasaki P.E. .......... 1.3
Introduction .................................................. 1.3
Chemistry ..................................................... 1.4
Process Features .............................................. 1.7
Process Description ........................................... 1.7
Product Specifications ....................................... 1.11
Process Yield and Emissions .................................. 1.11
Economics of the Chiyoda ACETICA Technology .................. 1.11
Scope of Chiyoda's Package of Services ....................... 1.12
Experience ................................................... 1.12
References ................................................... 1.13
Part 2 Aniline
Chapter 2.1. DuPont/KBR Aniline Process
Eric W. Wong and Ronald Birkhoff ............. 2.3
Introduction .................................................. 2.3
Aniline Market Overview ....................................... 2.4
Process Chemistry ............................................. 2.5
Process Description ........................................... 2.5
Technology Features ........................................... 2.6
Operating Requirements ........................................ 2.7
Product Quality ............................................... 2.7
Wastes and Emissions .......................................... 2.7
References .................................................... 2.8
Part 3 1,3-Butadiene
Chapter 3.1. BASF Butadiene Extraction Technology
Robert Brummer ............................... 3.3
Introduction .................................................. 3.3
Process Perspective ........................................... 3.3
Process Description ........................................... 3.4
Economics ..................................................... 3.7
Environmental Considerations .................................. 3.8
Summary of Process Features ................................... 3.8
Chapter 3.2. UOP KLP 1,3-Butadiene from Acetylene Process
Steve Krupa, Tim Foley, and Stephen
McColl ...................................... 3.11
Introduction ................................................. 3.11
Butadiene .................................................... 3.11
The KLP Process .............................................. 3.12
Process Chemistry ............................................ 3.12
Commercial Experience ........................................ 3.13
Economics and Operating Costs ................................ 3.13
Part 4 Cumene
Chapter 4.1. ABB Lummus Global Cumene Production via
CDCumene® Technology
Stephen Pohl and Sanjeev Ram ................. 4.3
Introduction .................................................. 4.3
Process Perspective ........................................... 4.4
Process Chemistry ............................................. 4.4
Process Description ........................................... 4.4
Process Economics ............................................. 4.7
Summary of Process Features ................................... 4.9
Chapter 4.2. UOP Q-MaxTM Process
Gary A. Peterson and Robert J. Schmidt ...... 4.11
Introduction ................................................. 4.11
Process Chemistry ............................................ 4.12
Description of the Process Flow .............................. 4.14
Feedstock Considerations ..................................... 4.15
Process Perfomance ........................................... 4.18
Case Study ................................................... 4.18
Commercial Experience ........................................ 4.19
Bibliography ................................................. 4.19
Part 5 Ethylbenzene
Chapter 5.1. Lummus/UOP Liquid-Phase EB One Process and
CDTECH EB® Process
Stephen Pohl and Sanjeev Ram ................. 5.3
Introduction .................................................. 5.3
Process Perspective ........................................... 5.4
Process Chemistry ............................................. 5.4
Process Description ........................................... 5.5
Economics ..................................................... 5.9
Summary of Process Features .................................. 5.12
Chapter 5.2. Polimeri Europa Ethylbenzene Process
Fabio Assandri and Elena Bencini ............ 5.13
Introduction ................................................. 5.13
Description of the Process Flow .............................. 5.16
Process and Catalyst Advanced Features ....................... 5.20
Process Performance .......................................... 5.21
Commercial Experience ........................................ 5.21
Chapter 5.3. ExxonMobil/Badger Ethylbenzene Technology
Brian Maerz and С. Morris Smith ............. 5.23
Introduction ................................................. 5.23
Ethylbenzene Manufacturing ................................... 5.23
Properties of Ethylbenzene ................................... 5.25
EBMax Process Catalysts ...................................... 5.26
Process Chemistry and EBMax Catalyst Performance ............. 5.28
Process Description .......................................... 5.31
Process Design Customization and Optimization ................ 5.33
EBMax Process Designs for Dilute Ethylene Feedstocks ......... 5.33
Technology Conversion and Capacity Expansion with EBMax ...... 5.34
Ethylbenzene Product Quality ................................. 5.35
Raw Materials and Utilities Consumption ...................... 5.37
Catalyst Requirements ........................................ 5.37
EBMax Plant Design ........................................... 5.38
Reference .................................................... 5.38
Part 6 Ethylene
Chapter 6.1. ABB Lummus Global SRT® Cracking Technology for
the Production of Ethylene
Sanjeev Kapur ................................ 6.3
Introduction .................................................. 6.3
Development and Commercial History ............................ 6.4
Process Chemistry ............................................. 6.5
Cracking Heater ............................................... 6.8
Ethylene Process Flow Schematic .............................. 6.11
Refinery and Ethylene Plant Integration ...................... 6.15
Recent Technology Advances ................................... 6.16
Commercial Operations ........................................ 6.19
Economic Aspects ............................................. 6.19
Chapter 6.2. Stone & Webster Ethylene Technology
Colin P. Bowen .............................. 6.21
Introduction ................................................. 6.21
Economic Drivers ............................................. 6.21
Development History: Pyrolysis ............................... 6.23
Development History: Recovery ................................ 6.27
Process Description .......................................... 6.29
Megaplant Design Issues ...................................... 6.44
Project Execution Aspects .................................... 6.47
References ................................................... 6.49
Chapter 6.3. KBR SCORETM Ethylene Technology
Steven Borsos and Stephen Ronczy ............ 6.51
Development and History ...................................... 6.51
Selective Cracking Furnace Technology ........................ 6.52
Optimum Recovery-Section Design .............................. 6.57
Future Developments .......................................... 6.63
Part 7 Methanol
Chapter 7.1. Lurgi MegaMethanol® Technology
Alexander Frei ............................... 7.3
History ....................................................... 7.3
MegaMethanol Technology ....................................... 7.4
Process Description ........................................... 7.5
Latest Lurgi Methanol Project References ..................... 7.17
Part 8 Oxo Alcohols
Chapter 8.1. Johnson Matthey Oxo Alcohols ProcessTM
Jane Butcher and Geoff Reynolds .............. 8.3
Introduction .................................................. 8.3
Process Description ........................................... 8.3
Process Flowsheet ............................................. 8.7
Benefits of the Johnson Matthey Technology .................... 8.9
Feed Specifications .......................................... 8.10
Process Economics ............................................ 8.12
Capital Costs ................................................ 8.12
Operational Experience ....................................... 8.13
Reference .................................................... 8.13
Part 9 Phenols and Acetone
Chapter 9.1. Polimeri Europa Cumene-Phenol Processes
Maurizio Ghirardini and Maurizio Tampieri .... 9.3
Introduction .................................................. 9.3
Cumene Technology ............................................. 9.3
Phenol Technology ............................................. 9.8
Chapter 9.2. Sunoco/UOP Phenol Process
Robert J. Schmidt ........................... 9.13
Introduction ................................................. 9.13
Cumene Production ............................................ 9.13
Phenol Production ............................................ 9.14
Sunoco/UOP Cumene Peroxidation Route to Phenol Production .... 9.15
Overall Process Description/Chemistry ........................ 9.75
Process Flow and Recent Technology Advances .................. 9.16
Conclusion ................................................... 9.28
References ................................................... 9.29
Chapter 9.3. KBR Phenol Process
Alan Moore and Ronald Birkhoff .............. 9.31
Introduction ................................................. 9.31
History ...................................................... 9.31
Markets ...................................................... 9.32
Process Chemistry ............................................ 9.34
Process Description .......................................... 9.36
Feedstock and Product Properties ............................. 9.41
Production Yields ............................................ 9.43
Utility Requirements ......................................... 9.43
Product Storage and Shipping ................................. 9.43
Environmental Features ....................................... 9.44
Safety ....................................................... 9.45
Operating Economics .......................................... 9.46
Investment/Economies of Scale ................................ 9.46
Acetone Netback .............................................. 9.48
Technology Advantages ........................................ 9.49
Bibliography ................................................. 9.50
Chapter 9.4. QBISTM Process for High-Purity Bisphenol A
Ed Fraini, Don West, and George Mignin ...... 9.51
Overview ..................................................... 9.51
Commercial Experience ........................................ 9.56
Wastes and Emissions: Expected Performance ................... 9.57
Part 10 Propylene and Light Olefins
Chapter 10.1. Lurgi MTP® Technology
Waldemar Liebner ............................ 10.3
Introduction ................................................. 10.3
Process Overview ............................................. 10.3
Detailed Process Description ................................. 10.4
Products, By-Products, Wastes, and Emissions ................. 10.9
Technical and Commercial Status ............................. 10.10
Process Economics ........................................... 10.11
Bibliography ................................................ 10.13
Chapter 10.2. UOP/Hydro MTO Process
Peter R. Pujado and James M. Andersen ...... 10.15
Introduction ................................................ 10.15
MTO Technology .............................................. 10.18
Economic Basis .............................................. 10.20
Investment Estimates ........................................ 10.20
Economic Comparisons ........................................ 10.23
Economic Sensitivity ........................................ 10.25
Conclusions ................................................. 10.26
References .................................................. 70.26
Chapter 10.3. UOP OleflexTM Process
Joseph Gregor and Daniel Wei ............... 10.27
Introduction ................................................ 10.27
Process Description ......................................... 10.27
Dehydrogenation Plants ...................................... 10.29
Propylene Production Economics .............................. 10.31
Chapter 10.4. ABB Lummus Global Propylene Production via
Olefins Conversion Technology
Catherine A. Berra and James Т.С. Wu ....... 10.35
Introduction ................................................ 10.35
Development and Commercial History .......................... 70.56
Process Chemistry ........................................... 10.37
Process Description ......................................... 10.37
Process Economics ........................................... 10.38
Summary of Process Features ................................. 10.40
Conclusion .................................................. 10.41
Chapter 10.5. Propylene via CATOFIN® Propane
Dehydrogenation Technology
V.K. Arora ................................. 10.43
Introduction ................................................ 10.43
Process Chemistry ........................................... 10.44
Process Description ......................................... 10.44
Process Economics ........................................... 10.47
Feedstock and Utility Consumption ........................... 10.47
Product Quality and By-Products ............................. 10.47
Catalyst and Chemical Consumption ........................... 10.49
Environmental Emissions ..................................... 10.49
Summary of Technology Features .............................. 10.49
Part 11 Styrene
Chapter 11.1. Lummus/UOP "Classic" Styrene Technology and
Lummus/UOP SMARTSM Styrene Technology
Stephen Pohl and Sanjeev Ram ................ 11.3
Introduction ................................................. 11.3
Process Perspective .......................................... 11.4
Process Chemistry ............................................ 11.5
Process Descriptions ......................................... 11.6
Economics .................................................... 11.9
Summary of Process Features ................................. 11.11
Chapter 11.2. Stone & Webster (Badger) Styrene Technology
Vincent Welch .............................. 11.13
Introduction ................................................ 11.13
Styrene Industry ............................................ 11.73
Use of Styrene Monomer ...................................... 11.74
Properties .................................................. 11.75
Styrene Manufacturing ....................................... 11.75
Process Chemistry ........................................... 11.76
Process Description ......................................... 11.18
Product Specification ....................................... 11.23
Operating Economics ......................................... 11.23
Chapter 11.3. Polimeri Europa Styrene Process Technology
Leonardo Trentini and Armando Galeotti ..... 11.25
Introduction ................................................ 77.25
Process Chemistry ........................................... 77.26
Description of the Process Flow ............................. 11.27
Process and Mechanical Design Advanced Features ............. 11.32
Process Performance ......................................... 11.33
Commercial Experience ....................................... 11.34
Part 12 Terephthalic Acid
Chapter 12.1. E РТА: The Lurgi/Eastman/SK Process
Frank Castillo-Welter ....................... 12.3
Introduction ................................................. 12.3
Chemistry Overview and Product Specification ................. 12.4
Process Description .......................................... 12.4
Highlights and Benefits of E РТА Technology .................. 12.9
Economics of E РТА Technology ............................... 12.10
Commercial Experience ....................................... 12.11
Part 13 Xylenes
Chapter 13.1. ExxonMobil PxMaxSM p-Xylene from Toluene
Terry W. Bradley ............................ 13.3
Introduction ................................................. 13.3
Process Chemistry ............................................ 13.4
Process Description .......................................... 13.5
Operating Performance ........................................ 13.5
PxMax Retrofit and Debottleneck Applications ................. 13.7
Aromatics Complex and PxMax Unit Description ................. 13.8
Case I: Grassroots PxMax Unit .............................. 13.8
Case II: Retrofit of Selective TDP to PxMax ................ 13.11
Case III: Retrofit of Nonselective TDP to PxMax ............. 13.12
Conclusion .................................................. 13.13
Chapter 13.2. ExxonMobil XyMaxSM Xylene Isomerization
Terry W. Bradley ........................... 13.15
Introduction ................................................ 13.15
Process Chemistry ........................................... 13.16
Process Description ......................................... 13.17
Operating Performance ....................................... 13.18
XyMax Cycle Length .......................................... 13.20
Commercial Experience ....................................... 13.21
Chapter 13.3. UOP ParexTM Process for p-Xylene Production
Scott E. Commissaris ....................... 13.23
Introduction ................................................ 13.23
Parex versus Crystallization ................................ 13.23
Process Performance ......................................... 13.26
Feedstock Considerations .................................... 13.26
Description of the Process Flow ............................. 13.26
Equipment Considerations .................................... 13.28
Case Study .................................................. 13.29
Commercial Experience ....................................... 13.29
Bibliography ................................................ 13.30
Part 14 Polyethylene
Chapter 14.1. Basell Spherilene Technology for LLDPE and
HDPE Production
Maurizio Dorini and Gijs ten Berge .......... 14.3
General Process Description .................................. 14.3
Process Chemistry and Thermodynamics ......................... 14.3
Spherilene Process Perspective ............................... 14.7
Process Description .......................................... 14.8
Products and Applications ................................... 14.10
Process Economics ........................................... 14.12
Chapter 14.2. Borstar LLDPE and HDPE Technology
Tarja Korvenoja, Henrik Andtsjo, Klaus
Nyfors, and Gunnar Berggren ................ 14.15
Process Description ......................................... 14.15
Advanced Process Control .................................... 14.21
Capacities and Locations of Borstar PE Plants ............... 14.23
Borstar PE Products ......................................... 14.23
Process Economics ........................................... 14.29
Chapter 14.3. Chevron Phillips Slurry-Loop-Reactor Process
for Polymerizing Linear Polyethylene
Mike Smith ................................. 14.31
History ..................................................... 14.31
Process Description ......................................... 14.32
Slurry-Loop Reactor ......................................... 14.35
Polymer Finishing and Packaging ............................. 14.37
Utilities ................................................... 14.37
Technical Advantages of the Chevron Phillips Slurry-Loop
Process for PE .............................................. 14.38
Summary ..................................................... 14.44
Chapter 14.4. ExxonMobil High-Pressure Process Technology
for LDPE
Charles E. Schuster ........................ 14.45
Introduction ................................................ 14.45
Reaction Mechanism .......................................... 14.46
Process Overview/Description ................................ 14.48
LDPE versus LLDPE ........................................... 14.53
Product Capability/Grade Slate .............................. 14.54
LDPE Markets ................................................ 14.54
Strengths of ExxonMobil Technology .......................... 14.56
Summary ..................................................... 14.57
Reference ................................................... 14.58
Disclaimer .................................................. 14.58
Chapter 14.5. Polimeri Europa Polyethylene High-Pressure
Technologies
Mauro Mirra ................................ 14.59
Introduction ................................................ 14.59
Polimeri Europa Trademarks .................................. 74.60
Chemistry and Thermodynamics ................................ 74.67
High-Pressure Reactor Technologies .......................... 14.63
Detailed Process Description ................................ 74.65
Reactor Safety Discharge System ............................. 74.67
Process Performance ......................................... 74.69
Plant Battery Limits ........................................ 74.69
Chapter 14.6. Basell Hosfa/en Technology for Bimodal HDPE
Production
Dr. Reinhard Kuehl and Gijs ten Berge ...... 14.71
General Process Description ................................. 74.71
Process Chemistry ........................................... 74.71
Hostalen Process Perspective ................................ 74.74
Process Description ......................................... 74.75
Product Range and Applications .............................. 14.82
Process Economics ........................................... 14.85
Chapter 14.7. Basell Lupotech G Technology for HDPE and
MDPE Production
Cyrus Ahmadzade and Gijs ten Berge ......... 14.87
General Process Description ................................. 14.87
Process Chemistry and Thermodynamics ........................ 14.87
Lupotech G Process Perspective .............................. 14.88
Process Description ......................................... 14.89
Product Specifications ...................................... 74.92
Process Economics ........................................... 14.93
Chapter 14.8. Basell Lupotech T Technology for LDPE and
EVA-Copolymer Production
Andre-Armand Finette and Gijs ten Berge .... 14.95
General Process Description ................................. 74.95
Process Chemistry and Thermodynamics ........................ 74.95
Lupotech T Process Perspective ............................. 14.102
Process Description ........................................ 14.104
Product Specifications ..................................... 14.110
Process Economics .......................................... 14.111
Chapter 14.9. UNIPOLTM PE Gas-Phase Process: Delivering
Value to the PE Industry
Mardee McCown Kaus ........................ 14.113
Introduction ............................................... 14.113
History .................................................... 74.774
General Process Description ................................ 14.115
Process Perspective ........................................ 14.119
Product and By-Product Specifications ...................... 14.120
Wastes and Emissions ....................................... 14.122
Process Economics .......................................... 14.124
Chapter 14.10. NOVA Chemicals SCLAIRTECHTM LLDPE/HDPE
Swing Technology
Keith Wiseman ............................ 14.131
Introduction ............................................... 14.131
Chemistry and Catalysis .................................... 14.132
Process Overview ........................................... 14.134
Advantages of the SCLAIRTECH Technology Platform ........... 14.138
Economics .................................................. 14.140
Product Capability ......................................... 14.140
Commercial Installations ................................... 14.143
Summary .................................................... 14.143
Acknowledgment ............................................. 14.144
Disclaimer ................................................. 14.144
Part 15 Polyethylene Terephthalate
Chapter 15.1. UOP Sinco Solid-State Polymerization
Process for the Production of PET Resin
and Technical Fibers
Stephen M. Metro and James F. McGehee ....... 15.3
Introduction ................................................. 15.3
Melt-Phase Polymerization .................................... 15.5
SSP Process Chemistry ........................................ 15.6
Crystallization of PET ....................................... 15.8
Sticking Tendency of PET .................................... 15.10
Detailed Process Description ................................ 15.10
Reactions of the Catalytic Nitrogen Purification System ..... 15.13
Oxidation of PET ............................................ 15.14
Process Variables ........................................... 15.14
Feed Properties ............................................. 15.14
Product Properties .......................................... 15.16
Product Yield ............................................... 15.16
Wastes and Emissions ........................................ 15.16
Utilities ................................................... 15.16
Equipment Considerations .................................... 15.17
Commercial Experience ....................................... 15.17
References .................................................. 15.18
Part 16 Polypropylene
Chapter 16.1. Basell Spheripol Technology for PP
Production
Maurizio Dorini and Gijs ten Berge .......... 16.3
General Process Description .................................. 16.3
Process Chemistry and Thermodynamics ......................... 16.3
Spheripol Process Perspective ............................... 16.13
Process Description ......................................... 16.13
Process Economics ........................................... 76.77
Products and Applications ................................... 76.77
Chapter 16.2. Basell Spherizone Technology for PP
Production
Riccardo Rinaldi and Gijsten Berge ......... 16.21
General Process Description ................................. 76.27
Process Chemistry and Thermodynamics ........................ 76.27
Spherizone Process Perspective .............................. 16.30
Process Description ......................................... 16.30
Economics ................................................... 16.37
Products and Applications ................................... 16.37
Chapter 16.3. Borstar Polypropylene Technology
Jouni Kivela, Helge Grande, and Tarja
Korvenoja .................................. 16.41
Introduction ................................................ 16.41
Features of the Borstar PP Process Technology ............... 16.43
Process Description ......................................... 16.44
Production Cycle and Grade Transitions ...................... 16.47
Advanced Process Control .................................... 16.48
Catalyst .................................................... 16.49
Environment ................................................. 16.49
Operating Requirements ...................................... 76.50
Products .................................................... 16.50
Chapter 16.4. UNIPOLTM Polypropylene Process Technology
Barry R. Engle ............................. 16.57
General UNIPOL PP Process Description ....................... 16.57
Process Chemistry ........................................... 16.60
Process Perspective ......................................... 16.62
Products and By-Products .................................... 16.64
UNIPOL PP Product Attributes Summary ........................ 16.65
Wastes and Emissions ........................................ 16.67
Process Economics ........................................... 16.68
Chapter 16.5. Chisso Gas-Phase Polypropylene Process
Takeshi Shiraishi .......................... 16.71
Technology Background and History ........................... 76.77
Polymerization Mechanism and Polymer Type ................... 76.77
Process Features ............................................ 76.74
Process Description ......................................... 76.76
Safety and Environmental Considerations ..................... 16.78
Product Capabilities ........................................ 76.75
Economics ................................................... 76.79
Reference Plants ............................................ 76.79
Part 17 Polystyrene
Chapter 17.1. BP/Lummus Technology for the Production of
Expandable Polystyrene
Robert Stepanian ............................ 17.3
Introduction ................................................. 77.5
Operating Plants ............................................. 17.3
Process Chemistry ............................................ 17.3
Process Description .......................................... 17.4
Feedstock/Product Specifications ............................. 17.4
Waste and Emissions .......................................... 17.5
Process Economics ............................................ 17.5
Summary of Process Features .................................. 17.7
Reference .................................................... 17.7
Chapter 17.2. BP/Lummus Technology for the Production of
General-Purpose and High-Impact Polystyrenes
Robert Stepanian ............................ 17.9
Introduction ................................................. 17.9
Operating Plants ............................................ 17.10
Process Chemistry ........................................... 17.10
Process Description ......................................... 17.10
Feedstock and Product Specifications ........................ 17.12
Waste and Emissions ......................................... 17.15
Process Economics ........................................... 17.15
Summary of Process Features ................................. 17.15
References .................................................. 17.17
Chapter 17.3. Polimeri Europa General-Purpose Polystyrene
Process Technology
Francesco Pasquali and Riccardo Inglese .... 17.19
Introduction ................................................ 17.19
Process Chemistry ........................................... 17.20
Description of the Process Flow ............................. 17.22
Process Advanced Design Features ............................ 17.23
Process Performance ......................................... 17.24
Plant Capacity .............................................. 17.24
Commercial Experience ....................................... 17.25
The Edistir GPPS Product Portfolio .......................... 17.25
Chapter 17.4. Polimeri Europa Expandable Polystyrene
Process Technology
Dario Ghidoni and Riccardo Inglese ......... 17.27
Introduction ................................................ 17.27
Process Chemistry ........................................... 17.28
Description of Process Flow ................................. 17.30
Process Advanced Design Features ............................ 17.31
Process Performance ......................................... 17.32
Plant Capacity .............................................. 17.32
Commercial Experience ....................................... 17.32
The Extir EPS Product Portfolio ............................. 17.32
Chapter 17.5. Polimeri Europa High-Impact Polystyrene
Process Technology
Francesco Pasquali and Franco Balestri ..... 17.35
Introduction ................................................ 17.35
Process Chemistry ........................................... 17.36
Description of Process Flow ................................. 17.37
Process Advanced Design Features ............................ 17.38
Process Performance ......................................... 17.39
Plant Capacity .............................................. 17.39
Commercial Experience ....................................... 17.40
The Edistir HIPS Product Portfolio .......................... 17.40
Part 18 Vinyl Chloride and Polyvinyl Chloride
Chapter 18.1. Vinnolit Vinyl Chloride and Suspension
Polyvinyl Chloride Technologies
Ulrich Woike and Peter Kammerhofer .......... 18.3
Company Introduction ......................................... 18.3
Process Perspective .......................................... 18.4
Vinnolit Vinyl Chloride Monomer (VCM) Process ................ 18.4
Vinnolit Direct Chlorination Process ......................... 18.7
Vinnolit Oxychlorination Process ............................ 18.12
Vinnolit Thermal Cracking Process of 1,2-Dichloroethane
to Vinyl Chloride ........................................... 18.18
Vinnolit Suspension Polyvinyl Chloride (S-PVC) Process ...... 18.21
Abbreviations and Acronyms .................................. 18.33
References .................................................. 18.35
Chapter 18.2. Chisso Polyvinyl Chloride Suspension Process
Technology and Vinyl Chloride Monomer
Removal Technology
Seiichi Uchida ............................. 18.37
Chisso Polyvinyl Chloride Suspension Process Technology ..... 18.37
Chisso Vinyl Chloride Monomer Removal Process Technology .... 18.43
Index follows Chapter ........................................ 18.2
|
