Preface ....................................................... vii
Chapter 1. Introduction: measurement of (biological)
diversity ............................................ 1
What has changed in the last 15 years? ............... 4
Biodiversity, biological diversity, and ecological
diversity ............................................ 6
What this book is about .............................. 9
... and what it is not about ........................ 10
Assumptions of biodiversity measurement ............. 11
Spatial scale and biodiversity measurement .......... 12
Plan of the book .................................... 15
Summary ............................................. 17
Chapter 2. The commonness and rarity, of species ............... 18
Methods of plotting species abundance data .......... 21
Species abundance models ............................ 27
Statistical models .................................. 28
Goodness of fit tests ............................... 43
Biological (or theoretical) models .................. 45
Other approaches .................................... 58
Fitting niche apportionment models to empirical
data ................................................ 61
General recommendations on investigating patterns
of species abundance ................................ 64
Rarity .............................................. 66
Summary ............................................. 71
Chapter 3. How many species? ................................... 72
Measures of species richness ........................ 74
Surrogates of species ............................... 97
How many species are there on earth? ................ 98
Summary ............................................. 98
Chapter 4. An index of diversity .............................. 100
Diversity measures ................................. 102
"Parametric" measures of diversity ................. 102
"Nonparametric" measures of diversity .............. 106
Taxonomic diversity ................................ 121
Functional diversity ............................... 128
Body size and biological diversity ................. 129
Summary ............................................ 130
Chapter 5. Comparative studies of diversity ................... 131
Sampling matters ................................... 132
Comparison of communities .......................... 143
Diversity measures and environmental assessment .... 153
Summary ............................................ 160
Chapter 6. Diversity in space (and time) ...................... 162
Measuring P diversity .............................. 167
Estimating the true number of shared species ....... 176
P diversity and scale: practical implications ...... 177
Comparing communities .............................. 179
Turnover in time ................................... 182
Summary ............................................ 184
Chapter 7. No prospect of an end .............................. 185
Some challenges .................................... 186
The biodiversity toolkit ........................... 189
Conclusion ......................................... 192
References .................................................... 194
Worked examples ............................................... 216
Index ......................................................... 248
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