Ganichev S.D. Intense terahertz excitation of semiconductors / Ganichev S.D., Prettl W. - Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2006. - xi, 418 p.: ill. - (Series on semiconductor science and technology; 14) (Oxford science publications). - ISBN 978-0-19-852830-2  Место хранения:   016 | Библиотека Института ядерной физики СО РАН | Новосибирск

Оглавление / Contents

Introduction .................................................... 1 1. Experimental technique ....................................... 5 1.1. Sources of high-power terahertz radiation ............... 5 1.1.1. CO2 laser ........................................ 7 1.1.2. Optically pumped terahertz molecular lasers ..... 11 1.1.3. Tunable high-pressure TE-CO2 laser pumped terahertz molecular lasers ...................... 16 1.1.4. Free-electron lasers ............................ 21 1.1.5. Short coherent terahertz pulses ................. 30 1.2. Optical components and methods in the THz range ........ 34 1.2.1. Windows ......................................... 34 1.2.2. Filters ......................................... 40 1.2.3. Polarizers ...................................... 55 1.2.4. Spectral analysis ............................... 60 1.2.5. Attenuators ..................................... 62 1.2.6. Transmission through the atmosphere, liquid nitrogen, and liquid helium ..................... 63 1.3. Detection of pulsed terahertz radiation ................ 64 1.3.1. Photon drag detectors ........................... 67 1.3.2. μ-photoconductivity detectors ................... 69 1.3.3. Pyroelectric detectors .......................... 70 1.3.4. Atomic layer thermopile ......................... 72 1.3.5. New detection concepts .......................... 75 References .................................................. 79 2. Tunneling in terahertz fields ............................... 93 2.1. Terahertz field induced tunneling ...................... 94 2.1.1. Ionization of deep impurities ................... 94 2.1.2. Theory of tunneling ionization .................. 98 2.1.3. Phonon-assisted tunneling ionization in the quasistatic limit .............................. 116 2.1.4. Tunneling ionization in the high-frequency limit .......................................... 118 2.1.5. Transition to direct tunneling ................. 121 2.1.6. Magnetic field effect on tunneling ionization ..................................... 124 2.1.7. Tunneling ionization of charged impurities and the Poole-Frenkel effect ................... 125 2.1.8. Terahertz tunneling as a method ................ 127 2.2. Photon mediated tunneling in quantum wells ............ 128 2.2.1. Resonant tunneling ............................. 130 2.2.2. Negative differential conductivity ............. 133 2.3. Ponderomotive force stimulated tunneling .............. 136 2.3.1. Radiation pressure enhanced tunneling .......... 138 2.3.2. Tunneling enhancement in the near-zone field ... 145 References ................................................. 152 Multiphoton excitation ..................................... 161 3.1. Two-photon absorption ................................. 162 3.2. Fully developed multiphoton transitions ............... 165 3.2.1. Nonlinear transmission ......................... 167 3.2.2. Nonlinear photon drag effect ................... 170 3.3. Multiphoton transitions in low-dimensional systems .... 175 References ................................................. 181 Saturation of absorption ................................... 185 4.1. Basics of optical saturation .......................... 187 4.1.1. Rabi oscillations .............................. 187 4.1.2. Relaxation ..................................... 189 4.2. Low-power saturation .................................. 195 4.2.1. Nonlinear spectroscopy of impurities ........... 195 4.2.2. Nonlinear cyclotron resonance .................. 201 4.3. Saturation of inter-subband transitions in wide QWs ... 204 4.4. Reduction of depolarization shift in QWs .............. 206 4.5. Saturation of direct transitions in bulk p-Ge ......... 209 4.6. Pump-and-probe technique .............................. 213 4.7. Spin-sensitive bleaching .............................. 214 4.8. Rabi oscillations. 219 References ..................... 224 5. Electron gas heating ....................................... 237 5.1. Electron temperature limit and μ-photoconductivity .... 238 5.2. Heating and absolute electron gas cooling ............. 239 5.3. Dynamic inversion of μ-photoconductivity .............. 240 5.4. Nonlinear μ-photoconductivity in 2DEG ................. 243 5.4.1. Si-MOSFET structures ........................... 244 5.4.2. III-V-compound low-dimensional structures ...... 247 5.5. Light impact ionization ............................... 249 5.5.1. Bulk InSb ...................................... 251 5.5.2. Quantum well structures ........................ 255 5.6. Heating of phonons .................................... 256 References ................................................. 260 Terahertz nonlinear optics ................................. 269 6.1. Nonlinear optical susceptibility ...................... 270 6.2. Terahertz second-order nonlinearity ................... 273 6.3. Third-harmonic generation and four-wave mixing ........ 278 6.4. Terahertz electrooptics ............................... 280 6.4.1. Terahertz side-bands of near-infrared radiation ...................................... 280 6.4.2. Dynamic Franz-Keldysh and Stark effects ........ 282 6.5. THz nonlinearities in semiconductor superlattices ..... 284 References ................................................. 285 7. Terahertz radiation induced currents ....................... 291 7.1. Photon drag effect .................................... 293 7.1.1. Direct optical transitions ..................... 294 7.1.2. Drude absorption ............................... 306 7.1.3. Photoionization of impurities and transitions between Zeeman-split levels ........ 308 7.2. Linear photogalvanic effect ........................... 311 7.2.1. Bulk materials ................................. 316 7.2.2. Quantum wells .................................. 318 7.2.3. Magneto-photogalvanic effects .................. 322 7.2.4. Magneto-gyrotropic effects in quantum wells .... 325 7.3. Spin photocurrents .................................... 331 7.3.1. Circular photogalvanic effect .................. 332 7.3.2. Spin-galvanic effect ........................... 349 7.3.3. Circular photogalvanic effect versus spin-galvanic effect ........................... 361 7.3.4. Application of spin photocurrents .............. 361 7.3.5. Monopolar spin orientation ..................... 364 References ................................................. 367 8. Bloch oscillations ......................................... 379 8.1. Superlattice transport ................................ 380 8.1.1. Miniband conductance ........................... 381 8.1.2. Wannier-Stark hopping .......................... 383 8.1.3. Sequential tunneling ........................... 384 8.1.4. Interplay between transport mechanisms ......... 385 8.2. THz excitation of superlattices ....................... 386 8.3. Dynamic localization and negative conductivity ........ 391 8.4. THz gain in superlattices ............................. 393 References ................................................. 395 A. Removal of spin degeneracy ................................. 399 A.l. Zinc-blende structure based QWs ....................... 401 References ................................................. 403 В. Symbol Glossary-Index ...................................... 407 Index ......................................................... 413 Acknowledgement for reuse of figures .......................... 417