List of Figures and Tables .................................... vii
Preface ......................................................... x
Acknowledgements .............................................. xii
Notes on the Contributors .................................... xiii
1. Introduction ................................................. 1
Nobuhiro Okamoto and Takeo Ihara
Part I Effectiveness of an Interregional Input-Output
Approach in China
2. How to Utilize Interregional Input-Output Analysis in
China ....................................................... 11
Takeo Ihara
3. Non-Survey Methods for Estimating Regional and
Interregional Input-Output Multipliers ...................... 24
Nobuhiro Okamoto and Yaxiong Zhang with Кип Zhao
Part II Regional Development in China by an Interregional
Input-Output Approach
4. Analysis of the Characteristics of Regional Development
of the Society and Economy in China ......................... 49
Shantong Li and Yongzhi Hou
5. The Differential Factors of Regional Development in China:
A DPG Approach .............................................. 69
Takaaki Kanazawa
6. Spatial Linkages of the Chinese Economy .................... 101
Wenqing Pan and Qiyun Liu
7. Agglomeration, Intraregional and Interregional Linkages
in China ................................................... 128
Nobuhiro Okamoto
8. The Magnitude of Interregional Input-Output Spillover
Effects in China and its Implications for China's Uneven
Regional Growth ............................................ 154
Shim Hioki
9. The Spillover and Feedback Effects between Coastal and
Non-coastal Regions ........................................ 178
Yaxiong Zhang and Кип Zhao
10.Conclusion: Spatial Structure and Regional Development
in China ................................................... 201
Nobuhiro Okamoto and Takeo Ihara
Index ......................................................... 211
List of Figures and Tables
Figures
1.1. Regional definition ........................................ 5
6.1. China: regional direct and total relative
linkages, 2000 ........................................... 122
6.2. China: regional relative linkages on final demand and
on primary input, 2000 ................................... 123
7.1. Regional and industrial disparity ........................ 132
7.2. Linkages structure of machinery sectors (absolute
transactions) in the East Coast and the South Coast
regions .................................................. 145
7.3. Backward and forward linkages structure in the
East Coast and South Coast regions ....................... 146
7.4. Intraregional and interregional linkages in the
East Coast and South Coast regions ....................... 148
9.1. Patterns of technology transfer .......................... 191
9.2. Patterns of linkages ..................................... 193
9.3. Patterns of inducing effects ............................. 197
10.1.Spatial structure in China ............................... 207
Tables
1.1. Sector classification ...................................... 4
3.1. Measures of closeness between national and provincial
technical coefficient ..................................... 34
3.2. Measures of closeness between LQ estimated and
provincial input coefficient ((I-M)A type) ................ 35
3.3. Measures of closeness between national and provincial
Leontief multipliers ...................................... 35
3.4. Measures of closeness between LQ estimated and
(I - (I - M)A)-1 type multiplier .......................... 36
3.5. Differences in each multiplier ............................ 37
3.6. Differences of input coefficients between CMRIO
and LQ estimated model .................................... 38
3.7. Differences of total output ............................... 39
4.1. Basic conditions .......................................... 53
4.2. GDP ....................................................... 54
4.3. Composition of GDP (%) .................................... 55
4.4. Employment structure and urbanization (%) ................. 55
4.5. Infrastructure of transportation (kilometres per 1,000
square kilometres) ........................................ 56
4.6. Urban infrastructure ...................................... 57
4.7. Conditions of opening to the outside world (part 1, %) .... 58
4.8. Conditions of opening to the outside world (part 2, %) .... 58
4.9. Market scale .............................................. 60
4.10.Residents'purchasing power (yuan) ......................... 60
4.11.Possession of typical consumer durables in urban
and rural households (set per 100 households) ............. 61
4.12.Living conditions ......................................... 62
4.13.Proportion of investment in fixed assets to the
nation's total (%) ........................................ 63
4.14.Comparison of the financial situation ..................... 64
4.15.Development of technology, 2000 ........................... 65
4.16.Industrial development, 1997 (%) .......................... 65
4.17.Situations of transport mobility (%) ...................... 66
4.18.Economic growth rates (1999 = 100) ........................ 67
5.1. The DPG results of Northeast region against benchmark ..... 75
5.2. The DPG results of North Municipalities against
benchmark ................................................. 76
5.3. The DPG results of North Coast region against
benchmark ................................................. 11
5.4. The DPG results of East Coast region against benchmark .... 78
5.5. The DPG results of South Coast region against benchmark ... 79
5.6. The DPG results of Central region against benchmark ....... 80
5.7. The DPG results of Northwest region against benchmark ..... 81
5.8. The DPG results of Southwest region against benchmark ..... 82
5.9. The types of balance of foreign and domestic trade ........ 84
5.10.Contrast of δA and δF(d) across all sectors at each
region .................................................... 96
6.1. Direct backward linkages for eight regions ............... 111
6.2. Total backward linkages for eight regions ................ 112
6.3. Total backward linkages on primary inputs ................ 115
6.4. Direct forward linkages for eight regions ................ 117
6.5. Total forward linkages for eight regions ................. 118
6.6. Total forward linkages on final demand ................... 120
6.7. Total forward linkages on exports ........................ 121
6.A.1. Direct backward linkages for eight regions,
2000 .............................................. 125
6.A.2. Total backward linkages for eight regions, 2000 ... 126
7.1. Ratio of provincial to national per capita GDP ........... 133
7.2. Production share of high-ranking provinces by sector,
2000 ..................................................... 136
7.3. Selection of important transactions ...................... 141
7.4. Basic statistics about the regions studied, 2001 ......... 142
7.5. Number of selected transactions between regions .......... 144
8.1. Main statistical indexes of each region, 1997 ............ 161
8.2. Impact of final demand in a region on the output of
each region (unit: %) .................................... 163
8.3. Impact of final demand in coastal regions on the
output of each region (unit: 10 million yuan, and
percentage) .............................................. 164
8.4. Impact of the final demand in each region on the
output of a region (unit: %) ............................. 165
8.5. Output multiplier of each region ......................... 166
8.6. Top five sectors with the largest interregional output
multiplier from coastal regions to inland regions ........ 169
8.7. Top five sectors with the largest interregional output
multiplier from Central to other inland regions .......... 170
9.1. Sector classification .................................... 186
9.2. The output and final demand structures of Coastal
and Non-coastal regions .................................. 188
9.3. The regional and interregional feedback and spillover
linkages and multipliers ................................. 189
9.4. The normalized regional and interregional feedback
and spillover linkages and multipliers ................... 190
9.5. The normalized intraregional and interregional
backward linkages (output multipliers) ................... 192
9.6. The feedback and spillover output inducing effects (%) ... 194
9.7. The contributions of feedback and spillover output
inducing effects (%) ..................................... 195
10.1.Regional development in China ............................ 205
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